We prepare HfO2 thin films by electron beam evaporation technology. The samples are annealed in air after deposition. With increasing annealing temperature, it
A 1.55-μm laser diode integrated with a spot-size converter was fabricated in a single step epitaxial by using the conventional photolithography and chemical w
The mode-area scaling properties of helical-core optical fibres are numerically studied and the limit of core size for achievable single-mode operation is explo