传统意义上认为肿瘤发生的关键因素是遗传学上的基因突变,其中抑癌基因的体细胞突变与肿瘤的发生有着密切的关系。但是随着肿瘤分子生物学的深入研究,表明肿瘤的发生是多基因遗传和表遗传共同起作用的结果,其中表遗传学研究是近年来肿瘤临床基础研究的一个热点领域。甲状腺肿瘤是我国比较常见的肿瘤之一,甲状腺肿瘤的表遗传学研究对于甲状腺肿瘤的发病机制,细胞免疫与防御、细胞分化以及预防治疗等方面具有十分重要的意义。 Traditionally, the key factor of tumorigenesis is genetic gene mutation, in which somatic mutation of tumor suppressor gene is closely related to tumorigenesis. However, with the further study of tumor molecular biology, it is indicated that the occurrence of tumors is the result of multi-gene inheritance and epigenetic work together. Epigenetics is one of the hot topics in clinical research of oncology in recent years. Thyroid tumor is one of the more common tumors in our country. The epigenetic study of thyroid tumors is of great significance for the pathogenesis of thyroid neoplasms, cellular immunity and defense, cell differentiation and prevention and treatment.