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锚喷支护作为永久衬砌在我国铁路隧道中的应用已有十几年的历史。在不同地质条件下,经受了长时期地层压力、列车振动、气溫变化等影响的考验,到目前为止95.6％以上的区段是好的和比较好的,未发生过任何严重病害。通过多次现场试验也证明:锚喷支护要比普通现浇混凝土衬砌的支护能力在相同条件下要大得多。本文按岩体结构特征,将围岩分成整体状、块状、层状、软弱围岩四种不同情况,分别论述锚喷支护的受力机制和设计原理。本文着重介绍了普济隧道在软弱围岩条件下的施工实例。实践表明:锚喷支护在施工进度、安全生产、工程造价等方面表现出很大优越性。锚喷支护的出现,从实践上解决了将围岩与支护作为统一结构体的概念去处理地下工程的支护问题。它的某些作用原理,将在今后改善已有支护结构及发展新型支护的过程中发挥深远的影响。
Anchor spray support as a permanent lining in the application of the railway tunnel in China for more than 10 years of history. Under different geological conditions, it has withstood the test of long-term influence of formation pressure, train vibration and temperature changes. Up to now, more than 95.6% of the sections are good and relatively good, and no serious diseases have occurred. Through many field tests also proved: Anchor spray support than ordinary cast-in-place concrete lining support capacity under the same conditions to be much larger. According to the structural features of rock mass, this paper divides the surrounding rock into four different situations, that is, the whole rock mass, the massive rock mass, the stratified rock mass and the weak rock mass, and discusses the stress mechanism and design principle of the rock bolting and shotcrete support respectively. This article focuses on the construction of Puji tunnel under weak surrounding rock conditions. Practice shows that anchor spray support shows great superiority in construction progress, safety production, project cost and so on. The emergence of anchor and shotcrete support, in practice, solved the concept of surrounding rock and support as a unified structure to deal with the support of underground engineering. Some of its principles of action will have a far-reaching impact on the future improvement of existing support structures and the development of new types of support.