契诃夫是十九世纪末二十世纪初俄国杰出的批判现实主义作家。他写了许多批判俄国黑暗社会的短篇小说和戏剧,在俄国文学史上占很重要的地位。一八六○年,契诃夫出生在南俄塔干洛格一个比较贫苦的家庭。祖父和父亲本是地主家的农奴,后来赎身获得了自由,父亲就开了个小杂货店。契诃夫从小就在店里帮助做些杂务,稍有过错,就要受父亲鞭打。他后来回忆说:“作为一个儿童,我却 Chekhov is an outstanding critique of realism in Russia from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. He wrote many short stories and plays that criticized dark society in Russia and played an important role in the history of Russian literature. In 1860, Chekhov was born in a poorer family in South-East Africa. His grandfather and father were serfs of the landlord’s home, and later they were freed from ransom and their father opened a small grocery store. Chekhov in the shop to help do a chores, a little fault, we must be beaten by his father. He later recalled: ”As a child, I was