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目的:分析德宏傣族景颇族自治州（德宏州）2010-2019年HIV感染者开始抗病毒治疗（ART）后艾滋病相关死亡和非艾滋病相关死亡情况、变化趋势及其影响因素。方法:基于国家HIV感染者ART库，分析德宏州2010-2019年开始ART的HIV感染者。用累积发生函数（CIF）估算HIV感染者的死亡概率，用亚分布比例风险模型（F-G模型）比较发生艾滋病相关死亡和非艾滋病相关死亡的差异，并分析其影响因素。结果:共7 068例HIV感染者纳入分析，其中艾滋病相关死亡388例，非艾滋病相关死亡570例。对于艾滋病相关死亡和非艾滋病相关死亡，研究对象接受ART后第1、2、3、4、5、7、9年的累积发生率分别为2.27%、3.46%、4.47%、5.03%、5.84%、6.61%、7.40%和1.63%、3.11%、4.68%、6.02%、7.42%、10.49%、12.75%。F-G模型多因素结果显示，开始ART年龄较大、男性、未婚、注射吸毒感染途径、基线BMI低、基线CD4n +T细胞计数较低、基线肝纤维化指数（FIB-4）>3.25、基线贫血是艾滋病相关死亡的危险因素；开始ART年龄≥45岁、男性、傣族、景颇族、未婚、注射吸毒感染途径、基线BMI低、基线FIB-4 >3.25、基线肾小球滤过率估算值3.25, and baseline anemia were risk factors for AIDS-related death. In contrast, age at ART initiation ≥45 years, male, Dai, and Jingpo minority ethnicities, unmarried, injection drug use as the transmission route, lower baseline BMI, baseline FIB-4 score >3.25, baseline eGFR <60 ml·min n -1·1.73 mn -2, and baseline anemia were risk factors for non-AIDS-related deaths.n Conclusions:The cumulative mortality rate was low among HIV-positive individuals after receiving ART in Dehong during 2010-2019. The mortality of non-AIDS-related deaths was higher than that of AIDS-related deaths. There were also differences in the factors influencing AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related deaths and interventions should be intensified to target the influencing factors for non-AIDS-related deaths.