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【摘要】本文通过四导教学策略即导内容、导语法、导篇章、导评分标准来提高中学生的英语写作能力，从而改变目前学生写作的现状。
【关键词】高中生写作；四导策略
【中图分类号】G432 【文章标识码】B 【文章编号】1326-3587（2012）10-0099-01
一、引言
英语写作能力是学习英语语言的基本技能之一，培养学生具有较强的英语写作能力是高中英语教学的重要任务之一。然而，在我国的中学英语教学中写作却一直是备受忽视的。其中的原因之一是在“听说读写”这四项基本技能中，书面表达的学习难度最高、见效又慢。因而在中学英语的教学过程的实际中，书面表达部分往往被看成是应付考试的一种应急手段而已。实际上，作为一项产出性活动的写作，其过程是一个高度复杂的思维过程，在整个语言的学习与教学中起着举足轻重的作用。
二、四导策略的内容及实施
针对以上高中生写作中出现的问题，笔者根据多年教学经验引入四导策略，并把这一方法与英语写作教学结合起来，试图去解决高中生英语写作的薄弱环节，从而真正提高学生的写作能力。
四导策略即是：导入语法（包括词汇句型），规范写作语言，导入语篇，建构写作框架，导入内容，充实文章写作，导入评分标准，丰富作文反馈。具体做法如下：
教学设计案例一
题目：my perfect school
教学过程：
Step 1. 运用多媒体展示给学生两组图片。一组是非常漂亮和现代化的学校的图片。一组是破旧学校建筑的图片，让学生加以对比。
Step 2 导入两组语法专题，给出句子，并让学生填充完整。
(1) 由if, wish, suggest 等引导的虚拟语气,
1. If there were more lights in the classrooms, our eyes would be hurt,
2. I wish I could play football on the school playground.
3. I suggest that our government would pay more attention to our study enviroment.
(2) 定语从句。
1. My perfect school is the one which lies near a lake.
2. I like the classroom which is well-equipped.
Step 3 给出5张图片，导入理想的学校或校园生活的内容。
1.图片一是一张有水有树有亭子的公园图片，让学生表达希望自己的希望，讨论之后教师给出英语例句。
Situation1 My school is called ...school. It’s in the middle of the city, near a noisy street. I wish ....( near a park, relax, quiet)
2. 图片二展示给学生一张学校运动场的图片，让学生两人一组讨论自己的希望，并给出例句。
Situation 2 My school is too small, and we have no places to play ball games. I wish ...( have basketball courts, volleyball courts and a football field)
3. 图片三 展示给学生一张学校的多媒体教室和英语语音室的图片，让学生谈论希望。
Situation 3 There are no computers or languages labs in my school. I wish ....( computers in all classrooms and a language lab, have English classes)
4. 图片四 展示一张学生参加天文观测活动的图片并进行提问What would you choose as your optional subjects?
Situation 4 There are subjects like math, Chinese, English, physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography,politics and IT, but there are no optional subjects. I wish ...(there are optional subjects,such as astronomy, music, painting...learn more skills)
5. 图片五 展示一张学生参加课外摄影兴趣小组活动的图片，并进行设问What would you choose as your after-school interest groups?
Situation 5 In my school , we have no after-school interest groups. I wish ...( there are many such groups as singing, chess, photography ad sports...go to museums and art galleries)
Step 4 导入篇章，建构写作框架。具体做法如下：展示范文my perfect school, 让学生阅读，找出好的连接词和含有虚拟语气的句子，并把握文章的段落大意。范文如下： At the moment, I go to school in our city called Hefei Guanghua School. But I think it could be better.
My perfect school would be located in the place is neither too quiet nor too noisy.It could be better if there would be a park nearby so that students can go there to take a walk. Also, the school would be well-equipped with an indoor swimming pool, two large sports halls, several basketball courts and so on.
The students would study many subjects like Chinese, math, English and so on. In my opinion, there would be some new optional subjects such as astronomy which we’re interested in.
A wide number of activities would be offered after school including barbeuce, hiking,etc. The students would have more holidays, too.
In conclusion, I believe my perfect school will come into the reality soon.It is a really wonderful place I would like to go to.
Step 5 此时，教师为学生提供写作前的三导基本完成了，在学生动手写作前，可以在黑板或投影仪上打出关于描写学校的词汇或句子。之后让学生写出大纲，列出自己所用词汇与句子。通过写作前的三导策略，学生知道了写什么，怎样写。
Step 6给出15-20分钟进行写作，之后导入评分标准，让学生先自评再同桌之间互评，最后老师讲评。
根据高考英语书面表达评分标准，我将英语写作的分数分成三大块来打分：内容是否全面和丰富，语言是否准确和地道，篇章是否合理和连贯。并将每块分成3个级别，即：优秀，好，及格。学生首先从这三块入手自评修改，之后同桌互评。同伴可从三方面分别打分，最后挑选出精彩的词汇句子。最后，教师汇总学生出现的状况点评。教师要向全体讲评，评价时以鼓励为主，但同时也要指出学生在文章布局,语言组织,语法和连词的使用等方面可能出现的不足，体现过程性评价的意义。通过评分标准的导入，学生有意识地从三个角度去学习和修改作文，大大地提高了他们写作的兴趣。
三、结语
通过一个阶段的尝试，笔者发现四导策略可以提高学生写作的积极性，同时也可以提高他们学习英语的兴趣。当然，写作不是一蹴而就的事，也不是课堂上技巧点拨就可以快速提高的，它是一个日积月累的过程。学生在平时的学习中，不仅要积累大量的词汇，句型，夯实英语语法知识，还要学会灵活运用。最重要的还要给予大量的阅读，只有大量的输入才有大量的输出。课上方法点拨训练，课下知识大量输入，再加上不断的写作，我相信学生们最终会达到写作的顶峰状态。
【关键词】高中生写作；四导策略
【中图分类号】G432 【文章标识码】B 【文章编号】1326-3587（2012）10-0099-01
一、引言
英语写作能力是学习英语语言的基本技能之一，培养学生具有较强的英语写作能力是高中英语教学的重要任务之一。然而，在我国的中学英语教学中写作却一直是备受忽视的。其中的原因之一是在“听说读写”这四项基本技能中，书面表达的学习难度最高、见效又慢。因而在中学英语的教学过程的实际中，书面表达部分往往被看成是应付考试的一种应急手段而已。实际上，作为一项产出性活动的写作，其过程是一个高度复杂的思维过程，在整个语言的学习与教学中起着举足轻重的作用。
二、四导策略的内容及实施
针对以上高中生写作中出现的问题，笔者根据多年教学经验引入四导策略，并把这一方法与英语写作教学结合起来，试图去解决高中生英语写作的薄弱环节，从而真正提高学生的写作能力。
四导策略即是：导入语法（包括词汇句型），规范写作语言，导入语篇，建构写作框架，导入内容，充实文章写作，导入评分标准，丰富作文反馈。具体做法如下：
教学设计案例一
题目：my perfect school
教学过程：
Step 1. 运用多媒体展示给学生两组图片。一组是非常漂亮和现代化的学校的图片。一组是破旧学校建筑的图片，让学生加以对比。
Step 2 导入两组语法专题，给出句子，并让学生填充完整。
(1) 由if, wish, suggest 等引导的虚拟语气,
1. If there were more lights in the classrooms, our eyes would be hurt,
2. I wish I could play football on the school playground.
3. I suggest that our government would pay more attention to our study enviroment.
(2) 定语从句。
1. My perfect school is the one which lies near a lake.
2. I like the classroom which is well-equipped.
Step 3 给出5张图片，导入理想的学校或校园生活的内容。
1.图片一是一张有水有树有亭子的公园图片，让学生表达希望自己的希望，讨论之后教师给出英语例句。
Situation1 My school is called ...school. It’s in the middle of the city, near a noisy street. I wish ....( near a park, relax, quiet)
2. 图片二展示给学生一张学校运动场的图片，让学生两人一组讨论自己的希望，并给出例句。
Situation 2 My school is too small, and we have no places to play ball games. I wish ...( have basketball courts, volleyball courts and a football field)
3. 图片三 展示给学生一张学校的多媒体教室和英语语音室的图片，让学生谈论希望。
Situation 3 There are no computers or languages labs in my school. I wish ....( computers in all classrooms and a language lab, have English classes)
4. 图片四 展示一张学生参加天文观测活动的图片并进行提问What would you choose as your optional subjects?
Situation 4 There are subjects like math, Chinese, English, physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography,politics and IT, but there are no optional subjects. I wish ...(there are optional subjects,such as astronomy, music, painting...learn more skills)
5. 图片五 展示一张学生参加课外摄影兴趣小组活动的图片，并进行设问What would you choose as your after-school interest groups?
Situation 5 In my school , we have no after-school interest groups. I wish ...( there are many such groups as singing, chess, photography ad sports...go to museums and art galleries)
Step 4 导入篇章，建构写作框架。具体做法如下：展示范文my perfect school, 让学生阅读，找出好的连接词和含有虚拟语气的句子，并把握文章的段落大意。范文如下： At the moment, I go to school in our city called Hefei Guanghua School. But I think it could be better.
My perfect school would be located in the place is neither too quiet nor too noisy.It could be better if there would be a park nearby so that students can go there to take a walk. Also, the school would be well-equipped with an indoor swimming pool, two large sports halls, several basketball courts and so on.
The students would study many subjects like Chinese, math, English and so on. In my opinion, there would be some new optional subjects such as astronomy which we’re interested in.
A wide number of activities would be offered after school including barbeuce, hiking,etc. The students would have more holidays, too.
In conclusion, I believe my perfect school will come into the reality soon.It is a really wonderful place I would like to go to.
Step 5 此时，教师为学生提供写作前的三导基本完成了，在学生动手写作前，可以在黑板或投影仪上打出关于描写学校的词汇或句子。之后让学生写出大纲，列出自己所用词汇与句子。通过写作前的三导策略，学生知道了写什么，怎样写。
Step 6给出15-20分钟进行写作，之后导入评分标准，让学生先自评再同桌之间互评，最后老师讲评。
根据高考英语书面表达评分标准，我将英语写作的分数分成三大块来打分：内容是否全面和丰富，语言是否准确和地道，篇章是否合理和连贯。并将每块分成3个级别，即：优秀，好，及格。学生首先从这三块入手自评修改，之后同桌互评。同伴可从三方面分别打分，最后挑选出精彩的词汇句子。最后，教师汇总学生出现的状况点评。教师要向全体讲评，评价时以鼓励为主，但同时也要指出学生在文章布局,语言组织,语法和连词的使用等方面可能出现的不足，体现过程性评价的意义。通过评分标准的导入，学生有意识地从三个角度去学习和修改作文，大大地提高了他们写作的兴趣。
三、结语
通过一个阶段的尝试，笔者发现四导策略可以提高学生写作的积极性，同时也可以提高他们学习英语的兴趣。当然，写作不是一蹴而就的事，也不是课堂上技巧点拨就可以快速提高的，它是一个日积月累的过程。学生在平时的学习中，不仅要积累大量的词汇，句型，夯实英语语法知识，还要学会灵活运用。最重要的还要给予大量的阅读，只有大量的输入才有大量的输出。课上方法点拨训练，课下知识大量输入，再加上不断的写作，我相信学生们最终会达到写作的顶峰状态。