人类肾脏是管制机体水、电解质和酸硷平衡与排出新陈代谢含氮的废物的主要器官之一。肾脏也参与血管的调节和重要内分泌的合成及代谢。最后,它是一系列药物主要排泄的器官。肾脏有病变后可降低机体对应激的反应能力,虽然手术是用来纠正机体的失常,但手术本身亦可对机体产生一系列的应激,因此,当手术将在一个肾功能不全病人身上进行时必须在手术前,手术中与手术后予以特殊的注意才能减少外科手术带来的发病率与死亡率。一、正常肾功能双侧肾脏总重量为300g,每分钟进入肾脏的血流为1,200～1,500ml,为心输出量的25％,血液从肾 Human kidneys are one of the major organs that regulate the body’s balance of water, electrolytes and pH balances with the discharge of nitrogenous wastes. The kidneys are also involved in the regulation of blood vessels and the synthesis and metabolism of important endocrines. Finally, it is a series of organs that are predominantly excreted by the drug. Lesions in the kidney can reduce the body’s ability to respond to stress. Although the surgery is used to correct the body’s abnormalities, the surgery itself can also produce a series of stress on the body. Therefore, when the operation is performed on a patient with renal insufficiency Must be in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative special attention to be able to reduce the incidence of surgery and mortality. First, the normal kidney function bilateral kidney total weight of 300g, per minute into the kidneys blood flow of 1,200 ~ 1,500ml, 25% of cardiac output, blood from the kidney