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Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)是天然免疫中重要的模式识别受体,在机体抗病原体感染中发挥重要的作用,同时也是连接天然免疫与获得性免疫的桥梁。研究表明,Toll样受体7(TLR7)能识别某些小分子的抗病毒化合物和病毒单链RNA(single-stranded RNA,ssRNA),活化的TLR7启动髓系分化因子88(myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88)依赖的信号通路,介导抗病毒免疫应答。TLR7的活化需要内体/溶酶体的成熟,目前一些小分子的TLR7配体已用于临床治疗病毒性感染疾病和肿瘤。
Toll-like receptors (Toll-like receptors, TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity and play an important role in anti-pathogen infection in the body. They are also bridges linking innate and acquired immunity. Studies have shown that Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) recognizes certain small molecule antiviral compounds and single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and activated TLR7 initiates myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88 ) -dependent signaling pathways mediate antiviral immune responses. Activation of TLR7 requires endosomal / lysosomal maturation. At present, some small molecule TLR7 ligands have been used clinically to treat virally-infected diseases and tumors.