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由于家庭收入核定难度大、入户调查成本高等原因,中国最低生活保障制度的瞄准率难以让人满意。而生计资产测量法、指标代理法等方法需要大量人力物力配套,因此,可操作性有限。文章通过对2012和2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据的分析,发现城乡居民的家庭电力消费与家庭收入之间存在很强的相关关系。家庭电力消费数据精确完整,不易造假,调查成本低。在调查成本相同的情况下,家庭电力消费排序法可以有效降低错保率。文章建议,将低保(申请)家庭过去1年的家庭电力消费作为家庭收入调查的参考指标,对电力消费相对较多的低保(申请)家庭实行重点审查,达到精准扶贫的目的。
Due to the difficulty of household income verification and the high cost of household survey, the targeting rate of China’s minimum living standard system is not satisfactory. However, livelihood and asset measurement methods and indicator proxy methods require a great deal of manpower and material resources, therefore, the operability is limited. Based on the analysis of the data of China Family Tracing Surveys in 2012 and 2014, the article finds that there is a strong correlation between household electricity consumption and household income of urban and rural residents. Household electricity consumption data is accurate and complete, not easy to fake, low survey costs. In the case of the same investigation costs, household electricity consumption ranking method can effectively reduce the rate of misstatement. The paper suggests that household electricity consumption of the lowest-paid (applied) households in the past year should be used as a reference indicator for household income surveys, and critical reviews should be conducted for those subsistence-protected (applied) households with relatively large electricity consumption so as to achieve the purpose of precise poverty alleviation.