门头沟煤业开采历史据考古发掘报告记载,始于辽、金时期。明清时期,这个地区发展成为京城百姓取得生活用煤的主要矿区,“都城百万家烟火之煤尽取足于此,则此山之煤值与金等”。①煤矿开采分为官窑和民窑,官窑服务于朝廷,到清代官窑生产萎缩,取而代之的是大批民窑的涌现。为了保障京城用煤,平抑煤价,清朝政策是鼓励民间开窑,使得清朝民间窑业发展达到极盛。这个时期门头沟 Mentougou mining history According to archaeological excavations report records, began in Liao and Jin times. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the area developed into a major mining area for people in Beijing to obtain coal for life. “The coal of millions of fireworks in the capital city should make full use of it, and the coal value and gold of this mountain”. ① Coal mining is divided into kilns and civil kilns, kilns serve the court, to the kiln production in the Qing Dynasty shrink, replaced by the emergence of a large number of kilns. In order to protect the use of coal in the capital and stabilize coal prices, the policy of the Qing Dynasty was to encourage the people to open the kilns and to make the development of the civilian kilns in the Qing Dynasty reach its peak. Mentougou during this period