棉花是关系国计民生的重要商品。长期以来,我国对棉花实行由政府统一定价,供销社垄断经营的计划经济体制。随着棉花市场供求形势的变化,现行棉花购销体制及价格管理机制已不适应市场经济发展的需要,深化棉花流通体制改革,建立新的信贷管理体制势在必行。棉花流通体制的改革,必将对农发行的经营和管理产生深远的影响。棉花流通体制改革后如何建立农发行棉花信贷管理体制,是一项亟待解决的重大课题。一、目前棉花流通体制存在的问题及改革建议(一)目前棉花流通体制存在的问题,一是棉花购销价格机制不活,不能准确地反映市场供求关系。从生产环节来看,价格不反映生产成本,不利于调节棉花生产,造成产需脱节,供过于求;从销售环节来看,购销价格倒挂,严重影响企业经营。棉花价格弹性小,国内价格与国际价格脱轨,造成进口棉的大量涌入,对国内市场形成很大冲击。二是棉花收购资金的敞口供应方式不利于农发行监管,造成收购资金大量流失,不能正常周转使用,给收购资金供应造成了很大困难。加大了中央银行基础货币的投放压力,加重了国家的财政负担。三是现 Cotton is an important commodity that relates to people’s livelihood. For a long time, China has implemented a planned economy in which cotton is monopolized by the government and monopolized by the supply and marketing cooperatives. With the change of supply and demand in the cotton market, the current cotton purchase and sale system and price management system have not met the needs of market economy. It is imperative to deepen the reform of the cotton circulation system and establish a new credit management system. The reform of the cotton circulation system will surely have a profound impact on the operation and management of the Agricultural Development Bank. How to set up a cotton credit management system of the Agricultural Development Bank after the cotton circulation system reform is a major issue to be solved urgently. First, the current problems of cotton circulation system and reform proposals (A) The current problems of cotton circulation system, first, cotton purchase price mechanism inaction, can not accurately reflect the market supply and demand. From the production point of view, the price does not reflect the cost of production, is not conducive to regulating cotton production, resulting in out of demand for production, oversupply; from the sales point of view, buying and selling prices upside down, seriously affecting the business. Cotton price flexibility is small, domestic prices and international prices derailed, resulting in a large influx of imported cotton, the formation of a great impact on the domestic market. Second, the open supply of cotton acquisition funds is not conducive to the regulation of the Agricultural Development Bank, resulting in a large loss of funds acquired, can not be used as normal turnover, to the acquisition of funds caused great difficulties. Increased pressure on the central bank’s base currency, increasing the country’s financial burden. Three is now