隐喻(metaphor)自亚里斯多德始一直是西方的热门话题,现代更是如此,哲学、语言哲学、语义学、语用学、符号学等许多相关学科都对隐喻产生出了浓厚的兴趣。而我国从宋代陈骙《文则》开始,也出现了“隐喻”这一名称。中、西方研究的是同一种隐喻吗?中西方“隐喻”这一概念的内涵一致吗?答案是否定的。虽同名为“隐喻”,但它们的内涵却有差异。这种同名异实造成了一定程度的混乱,给人们的理解带来困难。本文试作一辨析,以有助于对这一问题的认识。 先看我国的“隐喻”概念。我国“隐喻”这一名称最早出现在宋代陈骙《文则》里,陈骙“博采经传,约而论之”,指出“取喻之法,大概有十”,将比喻分为十类:直喻、隐喻、类喻、诘喻、对喻、博喻、简喻、详喻、引喻、虚喻。从中可以看出,陈骙主要是以形式为标准、着眼于形式来给比喻分类的,很显然,陈骙是将隐喻作为比喻的一个下位概念,把隐喻看作比喻的一种类型。我们看一看与我们讨论有关的几种: Metaphors have always been a hot topic in the West since the beginning of Aristotle, especially in modern times. Many related disciplines such as philosophy, linguistic philosophy, semantics, pragmatics and semiotics have generated a great deal of interest in metaphor. In our country, from the “Chen Wen” in Song Dynasty, “metaphor” also appeared. Is the same kind of metaphor in the study of the West and the connotation of the concept of “metaphor” in China and the West? The answer is no. Although the same name as “metaphor”, but their connotation is different. This same name has caused some degree of confusion and has brought difficulties to people’s understanding. This article is a trial and error analysis to help understand this issue. Look at the concept of “metaphor” in our country. The name of “metaphor” in our country first appeared in the article “Wen Zai” of Chen Xun in the Song Dynasty. Chen Xuan “draw upon the biography and the treatise” and pointed out that “the method of metaphor is about ten” :: Analogy, metaphor, analogy, metaphor, paraphrase, metaphor, metaphor, metaphor, metaphor, metaphor It can be seen from this that Chen Kui mainly classified the metaphor by taking the form as the standard and the form as the metaphor. Obviously, Chen Kui used metaphor as a subordinate concept of metaphor and metaphor as a type of metaphor. Let’s take a look at the various types of discussions with us: