论文部分内容阅读
【目的】为客观分析孤独症患儿的早期心理行为特征,了解 ABC 量表效度,并为早期诊断和早期干预提供理论依据。【方法】用美国精神障碍统计与诊断手册第四版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准及盖泽尔智力评估方法(Gesell)对孤独症儿童进行诊断,用儿童孤独症行为量表(Autism Behavior Checklist,ABC)分析其行为障碍特征,并将65例已确诊的1.5~3岁儿童孤独症患者与65例正常儿童的 ABC 评估结果进行比较。【结果】65例孤独症患儿中,ABC 得分≥68分的有44例,<68分但≥53分的有16例,<53分有5例,量表评估效度为92.3%；在“无交往性微笑”、“似乎不在听人说话”、“当和其他人在一起时,对叫他的名字无反应”、“对他人的面部表情或情感无反应”、“有时对很大的声音不产生吃惊的反应”、“身体表现很僵硬很难抱住”、“以姿势、手势表示所渴望得到的东西”、“想到什么东西不能等待”、“经常不能意识所处的环境,并且可能对危险情况不在意”、“特别喜欢摆弄并着迷于单调的东西或游戏、活动等”、“对生人常无视觉反应(对来人不看)”、“经常毁坏东西”这12个项目上,孤独症组儿童中有超过2/3的患儿回答“是”,同时对照组儿童回答“是”的不超过1/3,并且这12项在孤独症组和对照组间相比,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。【结论】孤独症患儿在幼儿期即可出现一系列异常的行为特征,ABC 量表有助于家长发现并重视这些特征,有利于临床医师的早期诊断和早期干预。“,”Objective]To investigate early psychological and behavioral characteristics of children with au-tism and get to know the validity of Autism Behavior Checklist so as to provide theory basis for early diagnosis and early intervention.[Methods]Children with autism were diagnosed with DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria and Gesell assessing method;their behavior disorder characteristics were also analyzed with Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC),and the ABC evaluation result of 65 children with autism age1.5~3 years old were compared with those of 65 normal children.[Results]In the cases of 65 autistic children,there were 44 cases with the ABC score ≥ 68 points ,1 6 cases with score < 68 but ≥ 53 ,5 cases with score < 53 ,the validity of the assessment was 92.3%;in the tests of 12 projects,more than 2/3 of autistic children answered “yes”,while less than 1/3 of normal children answered “yes”,and there was statistical significance between the autism group and the control group (P <0.01).[Conclusion]Children with autism appear a series of abnormal behav-ior characteristics in early childhood.ABC checklist can help parents find and pay attention to these features, and is also conducive to the early diagnosis and early intervention of doctors.