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先看几道2011年的中考题:
1. Our math teacher ______ in our school for 20 years and he ______ here when he was 23 years old. (2011年广东省)
A. has taught;has come B. taught;comes
C. taught;came D. has taught;came
2. — ________ you ________ the Beatles’ story?
— Yes. And their songs are popular. (2011年山东省青岛市)
A. Did; hear B. Do; listen to
C. Have; heard of D. Have; listened to
3. My aunt is a writer. She ______ more than ten books since 1980. (2011年北京市)
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write
4. Some students in Shanghai ________ e-bags for several months.(2011年陕西省)
A. have B. have had
C. had D. will have
5. I ________ my homework,I guess I can’t join you. (2011年河北省)
A. don’t finish B. didn’t finish
C. haven’t finished D. won’t finish
分析:上面的五道中考题均是在考查同学们对现在完成时用法的掌握情况,答案分别是:1. D;2. C;3. C;4. B; 5. C。
现在完成时是初中生必须掌握的重要语法项目之一,掌握它的用法对于同学们学好英语具有重要意义,下面我们一起来学习一下。
一、现在完成时的意义及基本用法
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已打扫了教室。(教室目前是干净的)
I have had my breakfast. 我已吃过早饭了。(吃过饭,现在不饿)
2. 表示从过去一直延续到现在,并且可能继续延续下去的动作或存在的状态。如:
We have learned English for 2 years. 我们学习英语已经两年了。
She has lived here for nearly ten years. 她住在这儿快十年了。
二、现在完成时的基本构成形式
现在完成时由“助动词have(has)+过去分词”构成。当主语是第三人称单数形式时助动词用has,其余人称用have。疑问句,将have/ has提前;否定句,在have/ has后面加not。各种句式如下:
肯定式:主语+have/ has+过去分词+其它。
否定式:主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其它。
疑问式:Have/ Has+主语+过去分词+其它?
简略答语:Yes,主语+have/ has.
No,主语+haven’t/ hasn’t.
三、与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1. 副词already (已经)、just (刚刚)、ever (曾经)、yet (还;已经)等。
2. 表示到目前为止的次数。如once (一次)、twice (两次)等。
3. 表示到目前为止的一段时间。如for two years、since 2010等。
4. 表示包括目前在内的时间。如so far(到目前为止)、in the last few years(在过去的几年里)。
四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时侧重过去的动作对现在的影响或过去的动作一直持续到现在,它不能与具体的过去时间连用,所以现在完成时中没有以when引导的特殊疑问句。一般过去时表示过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系。试比较:
—Have you read this book?你看过这本书吗?
—Yes,I have. 是的,我看过这本书。(过去动作“看书”对现在造成的影响是“我了解这本书”。)
—When did you read it?你什么时候看的?
—I read it last week. 我上周看的。(仅叙述在过去时间last week发生了动作“看书”。)
五、have(has)been to,have(has)gone to 与have(has)been in的区别
1. have(has) been to表示某人曾经到达某处,指这个人已去彼地现又回到此地,它常与just、ever、never、once、twice、several等连用。如:
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?—Yes,I’ve ever been there only once. 是的,我只去过那儿一次。 My sister has never been to Guangzhou. 我妹妹从未去过广州。
2. have(has)gone to 表示某人到某处去了,或在去的路上或已到某处,反正不在此地。一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如:
—Where have Jim and Kate gone?吉姆和凯特去哪里了?—They have gone to London. 他们到伦敦去了。
Mr Wu has gone to the factory with his students. 吴老师和同学们一起去工厂了。
—Where’s Maria?玛丽亚在哪儿?—She’s gone to the library. 她去图书馆了。
3. have(has)been in表示“已在某地”或“在某地待过”,其后常与“for 时间段”、“since 时间点或从句”等时间状语连用。如:
He has been in Hainan for two years. 他在海南两年了。
Jack has been in Nanchang since last year. 杰克自从去年以来就待在南昌。
友情提示
延续性动词 (如stay、sleep、teach、study、live、work、have、be等)可以和表示一段时间的状语连用;非持续性动词(如 leave、die、begin、buy、get up、arrive、borrow、join、get to know、come、go等)在肯定句中不能和“for...”、“since...”等时间状语连用。如:
我离开广州二十多年了。
误:I have left Guangzhou for over twenty years.
正:I have been away from Guangzhou for over twenty years.
正:I left Guangzhou over twenty years ago.
正:It is over twenty years since I left Guangzhou.
正:Over twenty years has passed since I left Guangzhou.
学以致用
1. —Is Bohai Bridge open to the public yet?
—Yes. It _________ for almost one and a half months. (2011年新疆维吾尔自治区阜康市)
A. has opened B. has being opened
C. has been open D. was open
2. The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008. They ______ there for three years since then. (2011年广西壮族自治区百色市)
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
3. —Have you ever been to Nanning?
—Yes,_______. (2011年广西壮族自治区桂林市)
A. I was B. I do C. I am D. I have
4. —Excuse me,where is Mr. Brown’s office?
—Sorry,I don’t know. I ________ here for only a few days. (2011年河南省)
A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
5. —Where is Bob?
—He ______ to Harbin for a meeting. (2011黑龙江省绥化市)
A. went B. has been C. has gone
6. —Are you going to the bank,Laura?
—No,I _______ to the bank already. (2011年江苏省徐州市)
A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been
7. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011年天津市)
A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen
8. I _______ many new friends since I came here. (2011年贵州省毕节市)
A. make B. made
C. will make D. have made
9. —Where’s your brother,Jane?
—He’s not in Guiyang these days. He_______ Beijing. (2011年贵州省贵阳市)
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. had been to
10. She ______ this book for nearly three weeks. (2011年四川省雅安市)
A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept
Keys:
1-5 C C D C C 6-10 A D D A D
1. Our math teacher ______ in our school for 20 years and he ______ here when he was 23 years old. (2011年广东省)
A. has taught;has come B. taught;comes
C. taught;came D. has taught;came
2. — ________ you ________ the Beatles’ story?
— Yes. And their songs are popular. (2011年山东省青岛市)
A. Did; hear B. Do; listen to
C. Have; heard of D. Have; listened to
3. My aunt is a writer. She ______ more than ten books since 1980. (2011年北京市)
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write
4. Some students in Shanghai ________ e-bags for several months.(2011年陕西省)
A. have B. have had
C. had D. will have
5. I ________ my homework,I guess I can’t join you. (2011年河北省)
A. don’t finish B. didn’t finish
C. haven’t finished D. won’t finish
分析:上面的五道中考题均是在考查同学们对现在完成时用法的掌握情况,答案分别是:1. D;2. C;3. C;4. B; 5. C。
现在完成时是初中生必须掌握的重要语法项目之一,掌握它的用法对于同学们学好英语具有重要意义,下面我们一起来学习一下。
一、现在完成时的意义及基本用法
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已打扫了教室。(教室目前是干净的)
I have had my breakfast. 我已吃过早饭了。(吃过饭,现在不饿)
2. 表示从过去一直延续到现在,并且可能继续延续下去的动作或存在的状态。如:
We have learned English for 2 years. 我们学习英语已经两年了。
She has lived here for nearly ten years. 她住在这儿快十年了。
二、现在完成时的基本构成形式
现在完成时由“助动词have(has)+过去分词”构成。当主语是第三人称单数形式时助动词用has,其余人称用have。疑问句,将have/ has提前;否定句,在have/ has后面加not。各种句式如下:
肯定式:主语+have/ has+过去分词+其它。
否定式:主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其它。
疑问式:Have/ Has+主语+过去分词+其它?
简略答语:Yes,主语+have/ has.
No,主语+haven’t/ hasn’t.
三、与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1. 副词already (已经)、just (刚刚)、ever (曾经)、yet (还;已经)等。
2. 表示到目前为止的次数。如once (一次)、twice (两次)等。
3. 表示到目前为止的一段时间。如for two years、since 2010等。
4. 表示包括目前在内的时间。如so far(到目前为止)、in the last few years(在过去的几年里)。
四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时侧重过去的动作对现在的影响或过去的动作一直持续到现在,它不能与具体的过去时间连用,所以现在完成时中没有以when引导的特殊疑问句。一般过去时表示过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系。试比较:
—Have you read this book?你看过这本书吗?
—Yes,I have. 是的,我看过这本书。(过去动作“看书”对现在造成的影响是“我了解这本书”。)
—When did you read it?你什么时候看的?
—I read it last week. 我上周看的。(仅叙述在过去时间last week发生了动作“看书”。)
五、have(has)been to,have(has)gone to 与have(has)been in的区别
1. have(has) been to表示某人曾经到达某处,指这个人已去彼地现又回到此地,它常与just、ever、never、once、twice、several等连用。如:
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?—Yes,I’ve ever been there only once. 是的,我只去过那儿一次。 My sister has never been to Guangzhou. 我妹妹从未去过广州。
2. have(has)gone to 表示某人到某处去了,或在去的路上或已到某处,反正不在此地。一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如:
—Where have Jim and Kate gone?吉姆和凯特去哪里了?—They have gone to London. 他们到伦敦去了。
Mr Wu has gone to the factory with his students. 吴老师和同学们一起去工厂了。
—Where’s Maria?玛丽亚在哪儿?—She’s gone to the library. 她去图书馆了。
3. have(has)been in表示“已在某地”或“在某地待过”,其后常与“for 时间段”、“since 时间点或从句”等时间状语连用。如:
He has been in Hainan for two years. 他在海南两年了。
Jack has been in Nanchang since last year. 杰克自从去年以来就待在南昌。
友情提示
延续性动词 (如stay、sleep、teach、study、live、work、have、be等)可以和表示一段时间的状语连用;非持续性动词(如 leave、die、begin、buy、get up、arrive、borrow、join、get to know、come、go等)在肯定句中不能和“for...”、“since...”等时间状语连用。如:
我离开广州二十多年了。
误:I have left Guangzhou for over twenty years.
正:I have been away from Guangzhou for over twenty years.
正:I left Guangzhou over twenty years ago.
正:It is over twenty years since I left Guangzhou.
正:Over twenty years has passed since I left Guangzhou.
学以致用
1. —Is Bohai Bridge open to the public yet?
—Yes. It _________ for almost one and a half months. (2011年新疆维吾尔自治区阜康市)
A. has opened B. has being opened
C. has been open D. was open
2. The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008. They ______ there for three years since then. (2011年广西壮族自治区百色市)
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
3. —Have you ever been to Nanning?
—Yes,_______. (2011年广西壮族自治区桂林市)
A. I was B. I do C. I am D. I have
4. —Excuse me,where is Mr. Brown’s office?
—Sorry,I don’t know. I ________ here for only a few days. (2011年河南省)
A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
5. —Where is Bob?
—He ______ to Harbin for a meeting. (2011黑龙江省绥化市)
A. went B. has been C. has gone
6. —Are you going to the bank,Laura?
—No,I _______ to the bank already. (2011年江苏省徐州市)
A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been
7. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011年天津市)
A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen
8. I _______ many new friends since I came here. (2011年贵州省毕节市)
A. make B. made
C. will make D. have made
9. —Where’s your brother,Jane?
—He’s not in Guiyang these days. He_______ Beijing. (2011年贵州省贵阳市)
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. had been to
10. She ______ this book for nearly three weeks. (2011年四川省雅安市)
A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept
Keys:
1-5 C C D C C 6-10 A D D A D