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发达国家的生产要素结构变迁规律表明,随着经济的不断发展,要素投入量的贡献在逐渐降低而要素生产率的地位不断上升,其中劳动投入量慢于资本投入,但生产率的提高快于资本,全要素生产率对增长的贡献率随人均收入提高而上升。展望我国未来中长期,尽管劳动力投入量呈现下降趋势,但人力资本提升将带来新的人才红利;储蓄率仍可能处于较高水平,但将逐渐降低;科技进步对经济增长的作用将逐步增强。我们应继续保持生产要素结构的不断优化升级,努力实现中国经济长期保持中高速增长,并迈向中高端水平。
The law of structural changes in developed countries shows that with the continuous development of economy, the contribution of factor inputs is gradually decreasing while that of factor productivity is rising. The amount of labor input is slower than that of capital investment, but the increase of productivity is faster than that of capital. The contribution rate of total factor productivity to growth increases with per capita income. Looking forward to the medium and long term future of our country, despite the declining labor input, the increase of human capital will bring about a new talent bonus; the savings rate may still be at a relatively high level but will gradually decrease; and the role of scientific and technological progress in economic growth will gradually increase . We should continue to keep optimizing and upgrading the structure of factors of production and make every effort to achieve long-term moderate growth in the Chinese economy and to move towards the mid- to high-end level.