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分枝杆菌引起的严重疾病有结核和麻风。多数分枝杆菌对人致病性不强。但近半个世纪以来结核发病率明显下降,而其他分枝杆菌病相对地增多。引起学者们的重视和研究。由于免疫学、生态学、细菌遗传学等的飞跃进展,使人们认识到,为解决结核病等问题,不能只着眼于药物治疗和卡介苗接种,应扩展到非典型分枝杆菌(也称非结核、机会和环境分枝杆菌)的研究,才能获得问题的全貌。1980年欧洲首届分枝杆菌学会,回顾了十年来的成就与存在问题。国内近期也注意到非典型分枝杆菌在国内并非罕见,约占结核发病率的3～7%(世界各地为1～20%)。本文仅就与小儿有实际意义的分枝杆菌感染与免疫方面的某些进展综述如下。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and leprosy cause serious diseases. Most mycobacterial pathogenicity is not strong. However, the incidence of tuberculosis has dropped markedly in the past half century, while the number of other mycobacteria increased relatively. Aroused scholars attention and research. Due to the rapid advances in immunology, ecology and bacterial genetics, it has come to realize that in order to solve the problem of tuberculosis, we should not focus solely on drug treatment and BCG vaccination but should extend to atypical mycobacteria (also known as non-tuberculosis, Opportunity and environment of mycobacteria) in order to gain a full picture of the problem. The first European Mycobacteria Society in 1980 reviewed the achievements and problems of the past decade. Recently, China has noticed that atypical mycobacteria are not uncommon in China, accounting for 3 to 7% of the incidence of tuberculosis (1 to 20% in the world). This article summarizes some of the advances in mycobacterial infection and immunization that are of practical significance to children.