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目的分析北京市房山区2014年10月—2015年4月流行性感冒(流感)监测结果,了解流感毒株流行情况以及流感病原学特征,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对良乡医院流感样病例标本病原学监测资料进行分析。结果共采集480份流感样病例咽拭子标本,核酸检测阳性数为103例,其中甲H3N2型为65例,乙型流感病毒为38例。病毒分离阳性数为84例。第51周病原学检测阳性率最高,第44周至次年第3周流感病毒型别是甲H3N2型,次年第4—19周主要的流行病毒株为乙型。不同年龄和地区流感病原学分离阳性率的差异有统计学意义。结论 2014年10月—2015年4月北京市房山区冬季(第44周至次年第3周)流感毒株主要是甲H3N2型,春季(次年第4—19周)主要是乙型。冬春季节为流感高峰季节,应采取积极措施预防流感。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of influenza virus (influenza) in Fangshan District of Beijing from October 2014 to April 2015 and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the etiological surveillance data of influenza-like specimens in Liangxiang Hospital. Results A total of 480 throat swab specimens were collected from influenza-like cases. The positive number of nucleic acid was 103, of which 65 were type A H3N2 and 38 were type B influenza. The positive number of virus isolation was 84 cases. The 51st week etiological test positive rate was highest, the 44th week to the third week of the third week influenza virus type is H3N2 type, the following year the first 4-19 weeks the main epidemic strain is type B. There were significant differences in the positive rates of influenza etiology in different age and area. Conclusion From October 2014 to April 2015, the strains of influenza in Fangshan District, Beijing were mainly H3N2 in winter (from the 44th week to the 3rd week of the following year), and mainly in type B in spring (from the 4th to the 19th week). Winter and spring influenza season, should take active measures to prevent influenza.