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飞机发动机以航空煤油为燃料,在运行过程中会排放多种大气污染物,对空气质量和人体健康存在较大影响.选择A320作为典型机型,提取了一次真实航班飞行过程中的机载飞行数据,基于BM2及BM2-FOA耦合模型,获得了其在飞行全过程中每一时刻CO、UHC、NO_x及PM_(2.5)的排放指数,并计算了CO、UHC、NO_x、SO_2、CO_2及PM_(2.5)的精确排放量.结果表明,飞行过程中CO和UHC排放指数与推力变化趋势相反,数值范围分别为0.67~595.34 g·kg~(-1)和0.05~0.43 g·kg~(-1).NO_x排放指数与燃油流量变化趋势一致,数值范围是0.96~114.25 g·kg~(-1).PM_(2.5)排放指数全过程变化较小,约为0.25~0.36 g·kg~(-1).飞行全过程中,CO_2排放总量最大,约为2.0×10~4kg.同时,NO_x的排放量约为213.4 kg,SO_2也排放了24.5 kg.CO、PM_(2.5)和UHC的排放量分别为7.5、2.2和0.5 kg.将本次精确计算结果与使用ICAO基准模型对LTO起降阶段的估算结果进行对比后发现,基准模型LTO飞行时间较真实时间偏长37%.基准模型估算LTO阶段CO、UHC污染物排放量偏高,NO_x偏低,且偏差较大;而SO_2、CO_2和PM_(2.5)的排放量估算结果偏差相对较小.与机动车相比,A320飞机的一次LTO起飞着陆飞行,NO_x排放量约等于一辆小客车行驶8.6×10~4km,或相当于1274辆小客车1 d的排放量.
Aircrafts engine using aviation kerosene as fuel, will emit a variety of air pollutants in the process of operation, which has a great impact on air quality and human health.Select A320 as a typical model, extracted a real flight during the flight Based on the coupled model BM2 and BM2-FOA, the emission indices of CO, UHC, NO_x and PM_ (2.5) at each time during the flight were obtained and the CO, UHC, NO_x, SO_2, CO_2 and PM_ (2.5) .The results show that the emission indexes and thrusts of CO and UHC are opposite during the flight, with the values of 0.67 ~ 595.34 g · kg -1 and 0.05 ~ 0.43 g · kg ~ (-1) 1). The NO_x emission index is consistent with the trend of fuel flow, with the range of 0.96-114.25 g · kg -1 .The change of PM 2.5 emissions index is small, about 0.25-0.36 g · kg -1 -1) .In the whole process of flight, the total amount of CO 2 emission is the largest, about 2.0 × 10 ~ 4kg. Meanwhile, NO_x emission is about 213.4 kg and SO_2 is also discharged by 24.5 kg.CO, PM_ (2.5) and UHC The emissions were 7.5, 2.2 and 0.5 kg, respectively, comparing this exact calculation with the estimation of the LTO takeoff and landing stage using the ICAO benchmark model It was found that the LTO flight time of the benchmark model was 37% longer than the real one. The benchmark model estimated that the emission of CO and UHC pollutants was high and NO_x was low with a large deviation in the LTO stage, while SO_2, CO_2 and PM 2.5 emissions Compared with the vehicle, an LTO of the A320 took off and landing flights, the NO_x emission was about 8.6 × 10 ~ 4km for a passenger car, or equivalent to 1d for 1274 passenger cars the amount.