[目的]探讨冬季军团菌在空调循环水系统中的微生态环境与其存活力的关系。寻找军团菌在空调循环水系统中的越冬场所及其赖以生存的相关因素,为阻断军团菌在空调冷却塔中繁殖、传播提供依据。[方法]选择8月份军团菌数高的空调冷却塔作现场调查,同时模拟空调冷却塔条件,构建藻类减少和藻类增加两种不同的军团菌生态模型。定期分别采集水样和沉积在容器表面的地衣-藻类混合体作军团菌检测和扫描电镜观察,并对水样中的藻体数、总有机碳和硝酸盐氮等进行检测。[结果]10月下旬,空调机关机后,冷却塔水样中无军团菌检出,但在地衣-藻类混合体中检测到高达104 CFU/4 cm2的军团菌,扫描电镜观察发现藻类混合体的外膜上附着有较多的杆菌和军团菌。12月底,藻类减少模型无军团菌检出,但冷却塔和藻类增加模型均有检出。次年2月下旬,冷却塔和藻类减少模型中均无检出,只有藻类增加模型有检出。扫描电镜观察发现,12月底可观察到有节的丝状藻类,个别的军团菌附着于藻壁上。次年2月下旬,则绝大多数为地衣的纤维状组织、霉菌及其菌丝体。[结论]空调冷却塔底部地衣-藻类混合体是军团菌越冬的场所。四棘藻和地中尖头藻这类丝状藻类的细胞壁可能是军团菌越冬赖以生存的营养物。空调器关机时地衣和藻类数越少,循环水不流动的时间越长,军团菌在循环水管道系统中度过冬季的可能性越少。 [Objective] The research aimed to discuss the relationship between the winter legionella bacteria ’s micro-ecological environment and its viability in air-conditioning circulating water system. Looking for Legionella in the air conditioning circulating water system overwintering places and its survival factors, in order to block Legionella in air conditioning cooling tower propagation, provide the basis. [Method] The air condition cooling tower with high Legionella number in August was selected for field investigation. At the same time, the condition of air conditioning cooling tower was simulated and two different Legionella ecological models were constructed to reduce algae and increase algae. Regular sampling of water samples and lichen-algal mixtures deposited on the surface of the container were carried out for Legionella and scanning electron microscopy, and the number of algae, total organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen in water samples were measured. [Result] In the end of October, Legionella was not detected in the water sample of the cooling tower after the air conditioner shut down. However, up to 104 CFU / 4 cm2 of Legionella were detected in the lichen - algae mixture. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the algae mixture The outer membrane attached to more bacilli and Legionella. At the end of December, there was no legionella detected in the algae reduction model, but both the cooling tower and the algae increase model were detected. In late February of the following year, neither the cooling tower nor the algae reduction model was detected, only the algae increase model was detected. Scanning electron microscopy found that the end of December can be observed nodular filamentous algae, individual Legionella attached to the algal wall. The following year in late February, the vast majority of lichen fibrous tissue, mold and mycelium. [Conclusion] The lichen-algae mixture at the bottom of air-conditioning cooling tower was the place where Legionella overwintered. The cell walls of the filamentous algae, such as Tetraselmis sp. And C. przewalskii, may be legumes that survive the winter. When the air conditioner is off, the less the number of lichens and algae and the longer the circulating water does not flow, the less likely the Legionella bacteria will spend the winter in the circulating water piping system.