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北京从20世纪50、60年代发现地面沉降以来,其一直呈快速发展的态势。在过去的几十年里,北京市地面沉降的范围和速度逐年增加。本文以北京市典型地面沉降区为研究区,选择永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术所获取的2004-2010年间北京地面沉降信息作为主要数据源,补充水准测量数据(1955-2010年),从空间分布和时序变化2个角度,分析北京市平原典型区地面沉降演化特征。结合地下水动态监测网数据、土地利用数据,采用GIS空间分析,研究各因素和地面沉降之间的时空响应关系。结果表明,北京地区地面沉降严重区域面积不断扩大,且局部不均匀程度逐渐增加。在研究期内,地下水水位变化在时间和空间上与地面沉降有较高的一致性,地下水超量开采是影响北京地区地面沉降的最主要因素,而城市发展过程中的工程活动也是影响地面沉降时空分布特征的因素之一。研究结果可为北京市地面沉降防控提供一定的科学依据。
Since the land subsidence was discovered in the 1950s and 1960s, Beijing has been in a rapid development. In the past few decades, the scope and speed of land subsidence in Beijing have been increasing year by year. In this paper, the typical land subsidence area in Beijing is taken as the research area. Beijing subsidence information acquired from permanent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology was selected as the main data source from 2004 to 2010, and the leveling data was supplemented (1955-2010). From Spatial distribution and timing changes of two perspectives, analysis of Beijing Plain typical characteristics of land subsidence and evolution. According to the groundwater dynamic monitoring network data and land use data, GIS spatial analysis is used to study the space-time response relationship between various factors and ground subsidence. The results show that the serious area of land subsidence in Beijing is expanding continuously and the local unevenness gradually increases. During the study period, the change of groundwater level in space and time was in good agreement with the ground subsidence. Over-exploitation of groundwater was the most important factor affecting land subsidence in Beijing, and the engineering activities in urban development also affected land subsidence One of the factors that characterizes the spatial and temporal distribution. The results can provide some scientific evidences for ground subsidence prevention and control in Beijing.