论文部分内容阅读
通过再裂区设计田间试验,以3个春小麦品种(和尚头、西旱2号和宁春4号)为材料,设置两个灌溉水平(充分灌水4500 m3·hm~(-2)和有限灌水3000 m3·hm~(-2))和5个施氮水平(0、75、150、225、300 kg N·hm~(-2)),研究小麦光能利用效率(LUE)、水分利用效率(WUE)、氮素利用效率(NUE)对水氮的响应特性及其相互关系.结果表明:3个小麦品种间LUE、WUE和NUE差异显著.在一定范围内增加灌水和施氮量则LUE升高,过量施氮则LUE下降.强抗旱和中等抗旱品种(和尚头和西旱2号)WUE受灌水量的影响比不抗旱品种(宁春4号)小.施氮可以调节小麦WUE,中等施氮水平(和尚头和西旱2号在150 kg N·hm~(-2)时,宁春4号在225 kg N·hm~(-2)时)有最高的WUE.随施氮量增加,植株氮素累积量先增后减,氮素干物质生产效率(NUEb)、氮素收获指数(NHI)、氮肥农学利用效率(NAE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP)均显著降低.灌溉水平对NHI无显著影响;随灌水量增加,小麦氮素积累量显著增加,强抗旱和中等抗旱品种NUE_b和NAE显著降低,不抗旱品种NUE_b和PFP显著升高,对其他指标无显著影响.3个小麦品种氮素获取能力与氮素利用效率呈极显著负相关,NUE_b与LUE、WUE呈显著负相关,LUE与WUE呈显著正相关,春小麦氮素利用效率与光能利用效率、水分利用效率间存在明显的权衡关系.当灌水量为3000 m3·hm~(-2),强抗旱和中等抗旱品种在150 kg N·hm~(-2),不抗旱品种在225 kg N·hm~(-2)时,有较高的资源利用效率.
Three field spring wheat varieties (Heshangtou, Xiyan 2 and Ningchun 4) were used as materials to set up two irrigation levels (full irrigation of 4500 m3 · hm -2 and limited irrigation of 3000 m3 · hm -2 and 5 nitrogen fertilization levels (0,75,150,225,300 kg N · hm -2). The effects of light use efficiency (LUE), water use efficiency ( WUE) and nitrogen (NUE) response to water and nitrogen were studied.The results showed that there was a significant difference in LUE, WUE and NUE among three wheat cultivars.With increasing irrigation and N application, High and excessive N fertilization.The LUE of drought-resistant and moderate drought-resistant cultivars (Heshangtou and Xiyan 2) were less affected by irrigation than that of non-drought-tolerant cultivar Ningchun 4. N application could regulate the WUE, The highest WUE was observed at the nitrogen level (Ningxia 4 and Nanyang 2 at 150 kg N · hm -2 and 225 kg N · hm -2), respectively. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, Nitrogen accumulation in plants increased firstly and then decreased, NUEb, NHI, NAE and PFP decreased significantly. The effects of irrigation on NHI, No significant effect; with irrigation NUE_b and NAE of the drought-resistant and middle-drought resistant cultivars were significantly decreased, NUE_b and PFP of non-drought-tolerant cultivars were significantly increased, and had no significant effect on other indexes. The ability of nitrogen uptake by three wheat cultivars and nitrogen There was a significant negative correlation between nitrogen use efficiency and NUE_b, LUE and WUE, and a positive correlation between LUE and WUE. There was a clear tradeoff between N use efficiency and WUE, and water use efficiency When the drought-resistant and middle-level drought-resistant cultivars were at 150 kg N · hm -2 and no drought-resistant cultivars at 225 kg N · hm -2, Resource utilization efficiency.