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在现代行政学“政治—行政二分”的经典理论中,行政的定位是国家领域内的“去政治”部分。黑格尔的行政思想则为现代行政的定位提供了另外一种更具开拓性的视角——将行政定位于国家与市民社会之间。这一定位破除了旧有的视行政为国家内部职能的封闭视角,将行政理解为既是国家与市民社会各自的一部分,又是调和两者矛盾的不可或缺的中介环节。本文从普遍性与特殊性、规制性与自治性、权威性与服务性等三个辩证的维度来阐释黑格尔的行政思想,进而指出介于“国家与市民社会之间”的定位是现代行政区别于统治性的古代行政的关键所在。这对于当下中国的深化改革与政府职能转换也具有启发意义。
In the classical theory of modern administration “political - administrative dichotomy ”, the orientation of administration is the “going to politics ” section in the field of the state. Hegel’s administrative thought provides an even more pioneering perspective for the orientation of the modern administration - positioning the administration between the state and the civil society. This positioning has broken away from the old closed administrative perspective of administration as the internal function of the state and understood administration as both an independent part of the state and civil society and as an indispensable intermediary to reconcile the two contradictions. This article explains Hegel’s administrative thought from the three dialectical dimensions of universality and particularity, regulation and autonomy, authority and service, and then points out the positioning between Hegel and the civil society It is the key point of modern administration from the ancient ruled administration. This is also instructive for the deepening reform and the transformation of government functions in the present China.