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本文简介由48颗低轨道卫星组成的全球星通信卫星的姿态和轨道控制。姿态控制功能使卫星天线指向地球,同时使卫星按预定的方式绕偏航轴转动。这就是说,尽管卫星有52°轨道倾角,仍要通过绕太阳帆板轴的另一种旋转机动(即偏航机动)来控制帆板,使之始终垂直于太阳方向定向。文中还介绍了其他工作模式:如从900km轨道自主升轨到1400km的自动变轨模式,还有故障检测和恢复算法等。Globalstar控制系统的基本单元包括:采用磁强计以及太阳和地球敏感器的姿态控制单元;采用四个反作用轮的偏航机动控制单元,用两个磁力矩器为飞轮卸载。DSS公司(多尼尔卫星系统公司)在其全球星姿态和轨道控制系统设计中采用了与其科学卫星ROSAT(伦琴卫星)极相似的设计方案,ROSAT卫星已在轨运行了7年多时间。全球星的软件和分系统试验以其成熟的科学和通信卫星的方案为基础,但试验的自动化程度更高,以满足飞行部件大批量生产的要求。
This article describes the attitude and orbit control of a global constellation of satellite communications consisting of 48 low-orbit satellites. The attitude control function directs the satellite antenna to the Earth while rotating the satellite about the yaw axis in a predetermined manner. This means that despite the satellite’s 52 ° orbital inclination, the windsurfing board is controlled by another rotary maneuver (ie, yaw maneuvering) about the sun’s windsurfing axis, always oriented perpendicular to the sun’s direction. The article also describes other modes of work: such as the automatic orbit change from 900 km orbit up to 1400 km, as well as fault detection and recovery algorithms. The basic unit of the Globalstar control system consists of: attitude control unit with magnetometer and solar and earth sensors; yaw motorized control unit with four reaction wheels with two magnetic torque converters for flywheel unloading. DSS (Dornier Satellite Systems) has adopted a very similar design to its scientific satellite ROSAT (Roentgen Satellite) in its global star attitude and orbit control system design. The ROSAT satellite has been in orbit for more than seven years. GlobalStar’s software and subsystems trials are based on its proven S & T satellite program, but the tests are more automated to meet the requirements of mass production of flight components.