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19世纪中叶,中日两国先后被迫打开了国门,但由于两国政府所采取的政策不同,因而,发展的结局也截然相反。本文从一个具体行业——丝绸业入手,系统考察了19世纪下半叶中日两国丝绸业出现的不同结局;中国丝绸业丧失了实现近代化的良机,陷入了衰象毕呈、危机频仍的困境;而日本丝绸业则在桑、蚕、丝、绸各个环节全面实现了近代化,成为日本对外贸易的“王牌”和实现工业化的“摇钱树”。作者从六个方面分析了造成这种巨大反差的原因:1.政治变革的同步与错位;2.对外交接的精明与愚钝;3.“刀剑换算盘”与“盲人骑瞎马”;4.“民营官助”与“官督商办”;5.“外贸直营”与“间接贸易”;6.“文明开化”与抱残守缺。
In the middle of the 19th century, China and Japan were forced to open the country, but due to the different policies adopted by the governments of both countries, the outcome of development was also the opposite. This article starts with a specific industry, the silk industry, and systematically examines the different endings of the silk industry between China and Japan in the second half of the 19th century; the Chinese silk industry lost the opportunity to realize modernization, and it fell into a state of failure and crisis. The predicament; while the Japanese silk industry has fully modernized all aspects of mulberry, silkworm, silk and silk, becoming the “trump card” of Japan’s foreign trade and the “cash cow” that realizes industrialization. The author analyzes the causes of this great contrast from six aspects: 1. The synchronization and dislocation of political reforms; 2. The shrewdness and dullness of diplomatic access; 3. “Sword conversion disk” and “blind man riding a blind horse”; 4. “Private officials help” and “government supervision of business management”; 5. “Foreign trade direct management” and “indirect trade”; 6. “Civilization and civilized” and clinging to the disabled.