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针对城市加压供水工程突出的水锤问题，分析了各种水锤防护措施特点，得出单向稳压塔在城市供水工程的水锤防护中具有较好的适用性。基于水锤波传播理论，提出了单向稳压塔初设方案的确定方法；根据瞬变流基本理论，建立了单向稳压塔的水力分析模型，并结合工程实例对单向稳压塔的水锤防护方案进行了分析优化。研究表明，采用理论设塔方法可以方便地得到单向稳压塔的初设方案，结合水力过渡过程分析对初设方案进一步优化，在显著减小单向稳压塔体型的情况下得到更好的水锤防护效果。“,”Water hammer is usually serious in city pumping water supply project. Characteristics of water hammer protection measure were discussed and one-way surge tank is more suitable for city water supply system. Determination method of one-way surge preliminary design was raised based on theory of wave propagation,and hydraulic simulation model of one-way surge tank was built based on theory of hydraulic transients. Then case study was made for analysis and optimization of one-way surge tank. Study indicates that preliminary design of one-way surge tank can be realized easily by method of theoretical analysis,and optimizing through hydraulic transients analysis of accidental pump-stop can obtain more efficient design scheme of one-way surge tank with less shape.