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目的探讨有色金属冶炼行业作业场所中铅对作业工人健康的影响及变化趋势,针对检查结果中发现的问题,提出建议,采取合理的干预措施,及时发现疑似职业病及其他潜在的疾病威胁,为职业病的预防提供依据。方法对2011—2015年云南省昆明市东川区有色金属冶炼行业铅作业工人的职业健康检查结果进行总结和分析。结果 2011—2015年对7 942名工人进行铅作业岗中健康检查,共检出481名铅超标作业工人,检出率6.06%;其中322人属于疑似铅中毒观察对象,159人达到疑似慢性轻度铅中毒。铅超标检出率在工人不同年龄、接铅工龄、性别间的差异均有统计学意义;超标人群中以有色金属熔炼工298人(61.95%)为主;不同年份间非职业危害因素引起的一般性疾患或指标异常检出率差异有显著性,其中心电图、高血压异常有逐年升高的趋势。结论该地区铅作业工人铅超标率逐年下降,仍有部分企业工人达到铅中毒观察对象和慢性铅中毒,企业应加强作业场所的监测与评价、职业健康监护工作及健康教育,预防控制铅中毒等慢性疾病的发生。
Objective To explore the influence of Pb in workplaces of non-ferrous metal smelting industry on the health of workers and their changing trend. According to the problems found in the test results, the author puts forward some suggestions to take appropriate interventions to detect suspected occupational diseases and other potential disease threats in time, Provide the basis for prevention. Methods The occupational health examination results of lead workers in nonferrous metal smelting industry in Dongchuan District of Kunming, Yunnan Province during 2011-2015 were summarized and analyzed. Results From 2011 to 2015, 7 942 workers were inspected for lead health check-ups. A total of 481 lead-exposed workers were detected, with a detection rate of 6.06%. Of these, 322 were suspected lead poisoning and 159 were suspected of having chronic light Degree of lead poisoning. The detection rate of lead exceeding the standard was statistically significant among workers at different ages, the lead age and the gender difference. Among the over-standard people, 298 (61.95%) were non-ferrous metal smelters; the non-occupational hazards in different years There were significant differences in the detection rate of abnormalities of general diseases or indicators, of which the electrocardiogram and abnormalities of hypertension had a trend of increasing year by year. Conclusion Lead in lead workers in this area has seen a decrease in the rate of lead overrun each year. Some workers in the industry still reach the target of lead poisoning and chronic lead poisoning. Enterprises should strengthen workplace monitoring and evaluation, occupational health monitoring and health education, prevention and control of lead poisoning, etc. Chronic diseases occur.