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目的分析先天性房间隔缺损新生儿心脏结构变化和早期临床特征,探讨其潜在危害性。方法利用彩色多普勒超声心动图检测68例先天性单纯性房间隔缺损患儿与82例正常新生儿心脏各腔室的大小,分析其早期临床特征。结果进行心脏彩超检查的原因以心脏杂音、紫绀、宫内窘迫或分娩窒息、呼吸急促、肺动脉瓣第二心音亢进最常见。房间隔缺损有房间隔水平存在异常分流但探测不到回声失落的无缺损型34例;回声失落直径<0．5 cm的小缺损型21例;回声失落直径≥0．5 cm的大缺损型13例。三种类型对室间隔、左心室、主动脉、左室后壁的影响差异无统计学意义,但对右心房、右心室、肺动脉的影响程度与缺损直径有显著正相关。只有大型房间隔缺损型导致左心房扩张。结论新生儿先天性房间隔缺损以轻型最多见,并导致新生儿心脏结构异常改变。
Objective To analyze the cardiac structural changes and early clinical features of neonates with congenital atrial septal defect and to explore their potential dangers. Methods Color Doppler echocardiography was used to detect the size of 68 cases of congenital heart disease in simple atrial septal defect and 82 normal neonates. The clinical features were analyzed. Results of the reasons for cardiac echocardiography heart murmur, cyanosis, intrauterine distress or childbirth asphyxia, shortness of breath, pulmonary heart valve second heart sound hyperactivity most common. Atrial septal defect with atrial septal abnormalities there is abnormal diversion but no echo was found in the absence of defect-free type 34 cases; echo loss diameter <0.5 cm in 21 cases of small defects; echo loss diameter ≥ 0.5 cm large defect type 13 cases. There was no significant difference between the three types of ventricular septum, left ventricle, aorta and left ventricular posterior wall, but there was a significant positive correlation between the three types of ventricular septum and right ventricle, right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Only a large atrial septal defect leads to left atrial dilatation. Conclusions Neonatal congenital atrial septal defect is the most common in light and leads to the abnormal changes of neonatal cardiac structure.