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目的通过分析河北省2004—2013年麻疹、流行性腮腺炎(腮腺炎)和风疹流行病学特征,为制定联合管理和控制3种疾病的策略与措施提供依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对国家传染病报告信息管理系统报告的河北省2004—2013年麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫情进行分析。结果麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的10年平均发病率分别为5.67/10万、17.85/10万和3.29/10万,麻疹和腮腺炎发病率曲线呈现并行趋势。麻疹和风疹的季节分布均为单峰曲线,高峰跨度主要在3-6月间;腮腺炎显示为双峰曲线,且跨年度出现,分别为4—7月和11月至来年1月。麻疹有52.26%的病例集中在3个市,而腮腺炎和风疹分别有52.36%和51.86%的病例集中在4个市;3种疾病病例均主要发生在小于15岁儿童,10年平均占比分别为71.38%、82.15%和70.95%。其中,麻疹的0-2岁年龄段病例更集中,平均占总病例数的49.85%;腮腺炎在4~9岁更集中,平均占比为47.7%。结论建议建立疾病的联合管理与控制机制;分析疾病之间的内在联系,找出最优控制方案;加强疫情监测,开展人群抗体水平监测,做好疫情预测,尽最大程度地将应急接种提前在疫情初期;提供学龄前儿童麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合疫苗的复种工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles, mumps (Mumps) and rubella in Hebei Province from 2004 to 2013 and provide the basis for formulating strategies and measures for joint management and control of the three diseases. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of measles, mumps and rubella in Hebei Province from 2004 to 2013 reported by the national infectious disease reporting information management system. Results The 10-year average incidence rates of measles, mumps and rubella were 5.67 / 100,000, 17.85 / 100,000 and 3.29 / 100,000, respectively. The incidence of measles and mumps showed a parallel trend. The seasonal distribution of measles and rubella were unimodal, with peak spans mainly occurring between March and June; mumps showed a bimodal curve that appeared across the year, from April to July and November to January respectively. 52.26% of measles cases were concentrated in 3 cities, while mumps and rubella accounted for 52.36% and 51.86% respectively in 4 cities; all 3 cases of diseases occurred mainly in children under 15 years old, the average proportion of 10 years Respectively 71.38%, 82.15% and 70.95%. Among them, measles cases were more concentrated in the 0-2 age group, accounting for an average of 49.85% of the total cases; mumps were more concentrated in 4-9 years with an average ratio of 47.7%. Conclusions It is suggested to establish a joint management and control mechanism of disease; to analyze the internal relations among diseases and find out the optimal control plan; to strengthen the surveillance of epidemic situation, to carry out the monitoring of population antibody level, to forecast the epidemic situation, to make emergency vaccination advance to Early stage of the outbreak; providing preschool children measles mumps rubella vaccine multiple cropping work.