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目的了解西藏农牧区贫困居民高血压患病现状及其影响因素,为高血压疾病防控提供依据。方法采用第五次国家卫生服务调查设计的家庭健康询问调查问卷,进行入户式调查。结果西藏农牧区贫困居民高血压患病率为18.93%;女性患病率高于男性,是男性的2.01倍(χ~2=14.909,P<0.001);随着年龄的增长(χ~2=110.011,P<0.001)、体育锻炼次数的减少(χ~2=31.650,P<0.001)及文化程度的降低(χ~2=14.353,P=0.001),高血压患病率呈上升趋势;超重或肥胖者高血压患病率增高,是其他人群的2.82倍(χ~2=19.886,P<0.001);婚姻状况上,丧偶人群高血压患病率最高(49.32%),其次是离婚人群(22.73%)。多因素非条件回归分析,女性、年龄增长、超重或肥胖、从不锻炼、丧偶、从未上过学是西藏农牧区贫困居民高血压病的危险因素。结论西藏农牧区贫困居民高血压患病率稍高,性别、年龄、BMI、体育锻炼是西藏农牧区贫困居民高血压的主要影响因素。应加强西藏农牧区高血压疾病主题健康教育力度,倡导全民健身。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension among poverty-stricken residents in rural areas and pastoral areas in Tibet, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension. Methods Household Health Questionnaire designed by the Fifth National Health Service Survey was used to carry out an in-home survey. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 18.93% in impoverished rural residents in Tibet. The prevalence of females was 2.01 times higher than that of males (χ ~ 2 = 14.909, P <0.001). With the increase of age (χ ~ 2 = 110.011, P <0.001). The decrease of physical exercise times (χ ~ 2 = 31.650, P <0.001) and the decrease of educational level (χ ~ 2 = 14.353, P = 0.001) The prevalence of hypertension in overweight or obese patients was 2.82 times higher than those in other groups (χ ~ 2 = 19.886, P <0.001). In marital status, the highest prevalence of hypertension was in widows (49.32%), followed by those in divorced (22.73%). Multivariate non-conditional regression analysis of female, age, overweight or obesity, never exercise, widowed, never go to school is a risk factor for hypertension in poor rural areas of Tibet. Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension in impoverished residents in rural areas and pastoral areas in Tibet is slightly higher. Sex, age, BMI and physical activity are the main influencing factors of hypertension among poor residents in farming and pastoral areas of Tibet. We should strengthen the theme of health education on hypertension in rural areas and pastoral areas, and advocate fitness for all.