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目的探讨蚊媒密度、季节消长及环境因素对人间乙脑流行的影响,为开展乙脑疫情预测预警和制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法查阅资料,根据历年发病情况选择监测点,了解该地自然环境状况,采用诱蚊灯法,城区选择居民区、公园、医院,农村选择民房和牲畜棚(牛棚、猪圈)各3处,每月2次,使用诱蚊灯从日落20min后开始,连续6h,监测种类、性别并计数,密度(只/h)=捕获蚊虫数/捕蚊时间×灯数。结果两个调查点气候地理等自然环境明显不同,蚊虫种类有致倦库蚊72.9%、三带喙库蚊5.4%、白蚊伊蚊0.7%、埃及伊蚊0.3%、中华按蚊1.3%和其他蚊种19.4%,三带喙库蚊构成比三亚为11.7%,琼中为3.6%。,两个调查点三带喙库蚊平均密度三亚市0.15只/人工小时、琼中0.17只/人工小时;三亚市一年四季三带喙库蚊密度较均衡,高峰期5~9月,琼中县三带喙库蚊高峰期明显,6～7月为高峰期,其他月份密度较低,与病例分布基本一致。结论三带喙库蚊生长繁殖周期长,在蚊种中所占的比例高可能是三亚市乙脑发病数高于琼中县的主要原因,三带喙库蚊生长繁殖周期与温度、地形地貌、稻田种植面积及生猪养殖有密切关系。
Objective To explore the influence of mosquito density, seasonal fluctuation and environmental factors on the epidemic of Japanese encephalitis, and to provide a scientific basis for the prediction and early warning of Japanese encephalitis epidemic and the formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods Access to information, selection of monitoring points according to the incidence of the past years, to understand the natural conditions of the area, the use of mosquito lamp method, the choice of urban residential areas, parks, hospitals, rural houses and livestock sheds (cattle shed, pigsty) , 2 times per month, using the mosquito light from 20min after sunset, continuous 6h, monitoring the type, sex and count, density (only / h) = number of captured mosquitoes / mosquito duration × number of lights. Results The climatic and geographical conditions of the two survey sites were obviously different. The species of mosquito were 72.9% of Culex pipiens pallens, 5.4% of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 0.7% of Aedes albopictus, 0.3% of Aedes aegypti, 1.3% of Anopheles sinensis and other Mosquito species 19.4%, Culex tritaeniorhynchus constitute 11.7% of Sanya, Joan of 3.6%. , The average density of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in two survey sites was 0.15 in Sanya / artificial hour and 0.17 in Qiongzao / artificial hour. The population density of three Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Sanya was relatively balanced from May to September, In Zhongxian County, the peak period of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was obviously, peaked from June to July, and the density in other months was lower, which was consistent with the distribution of cases. Conclusion The growth and reproduction cycle of Culex tritaeniorhynchus is long, and the high proportion in mosquito species may be the main reason for the higher incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Qina County than in Qiongzhong County. The growth and reproduction cycle and temperature, Planting area and pig breeding are closely related.