论文部分内容阅读
从50年代计算机科学的一个分支——人工智能 (简称AI,它取自英文Artificial Intelligence的字头)开始了它一般研究阶段(如通用问题求解程序GPS),到了60年代末70年代初,专家系统开始出现,不久便显示出强大的生命力,在医学、化学、地质学、数学、物理学等许多领域得到应用。专家系统研制工作的进展反过来又推动了AI技术的发展,目前以专家系统为核心已形成一门称为知识工程的新学科。 那么什么是专家系统呢?知识工程的主要内容都包括什么呢?为了说清这个问题,我们先看一看人类专家工作的特点。专家为什么受到人们的重视呢?这是因为他们在关键的时刻能排忧解难,面对棘手的问题能当机立断的作出决策。如高明的医生能医好一般医生医不好的病;一个卓越的军事指挥家能运筹帷幄,把握战机,始终掌握战斗、战役的主动权;一个气象专家能在复杂的天气形势下作出准确的预报……。 专家数量很少,其可贵之处在于处理重大问题时的失误较少。究其原因,答案是明确的:专家具有大量的丰富的知识,因此他们能透过纷纭复杂的事物表面,较准确地抓住事物的本质,从而作出较少失误的决断。
From the beginning of its general research stage (such as the universal problem solving program GPS), a branch of computer science in the 1950s - Artificial Intelligence (AI), which came from Artificial Intelligence of English, by the late 1960s and early 1970s, experts System began to appear, and soon showed great vitality in medicine, chemistry, geology, mathematics, physics and many other fields to be applied. The development of expert system in turn promoted the development of AI technology. At present, the expert system as the core has formed a new discipline called knowledge engineering. So what is an expert system? What is the main content of knowledge engineering? In order to clarify this issue, let us first take a look at the characteristics of human experts work. Why are experts valued by people? This is because they can solve problems in critical moments and make decisions promptly in the face of difficult issues. Such as a wise doctor can cure a doctor is not a good medical disease; a remarkable military conductor can strategize, seize the fighter, always master the battle, the initiative of the campaign; a meteorologist can make accurate forecasts in complex weather conditions .... The small number of experts is valuable because fewer mistakes are made in handling major issues. The reason is that the answer is clear: Experts have a wealth of knowledge so that they can make mistakes more accurately by grasping the essence of things through the complex and complicated aspects of things.