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目的 了解 5岁以下呼吸道感染住院患儿疾病种类及其病原学 ,探讨其影响因素。方法 无菌负压吸引法采集 5岁以下呼吸道感染住院患儿新鲜痰液 ,细菌培养检测细菌 ,直接免疫荧光法检测病毒 ,同时相应地对每一位患儿作问卷调查。结果 999例患儿中 83.0 %为肺炎病例 ,其次为上呼吸道感染、哮喘合并感染、支气管炎。不同性别、年龄、家庭背景、季节疾病种类分布不同。 999例痰标本中 ,细菌、病毒总检出率为 39.3% ,其中单纯病毒检出率 16 .5 % ,单纯细菌检出率 18.1% ,细菌病毒合并感染检出率 4 .6 % ,细菌病毒合并感染中病毒以呼吸道合胞病毒为主 (87.0 % ) ,细菌则以嗜血杆菌 (74 .0 )和肺炎链球菌 (15 .2 % )为主。多因素分析表明 ,季节、抗生素应用情况及疾病种类分布对病毒检出率有影响 ,不同季节、地区、年龄的患儿细菌检出率不同。结论 婴幼儿呼吸道感染疾病及其痰标本细菌、病毒病原学分布存在人群、地区和季节的差异 ,应加强对其监测 ,以协助临床诊治该种疾病
Objective To understand the disease types and etiology of children under 5 years of age with respiratory tract infection in hospital and explore its influencing factors. Methods Aseptic negative pressure method was used to collect fresh sputum from hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection under 5 years of age. Bacteria were cultured to detect the bacteria. The virus was detected by direct immunofluorescence. At the same time, each child was surveyed by questionnaire. Results Of 999 children, 83.0% were pneumonia cases, followed by upper respiratory tract infection, asthma combined infection and bronchitis. Different genders, ages, family backgrounds and seasonal diseases are distributed differently. 999 cases of sputum samples, the total detection rate of bacteria and viruses was 39.3%, of which the detection rate of simple virus was 16.5%, the detection rate of simple bacteria was 18.1%, the detection rate of bacterial and viral infection was 4.6% In the co-infection, the virus was mainly respiratory syncytial virus (87.0%), and the bacteria was mainly Haemophilus (74.0) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (15.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that the season, the application of antibiotics and the distribution of disease types had an impact on the detection rate of the virus, and the detection rates of bacteria were different among children in different seasons, regions and ages. Conclusion There are population, regional and seasonal differences in the bacterial and viral etiological distribution of respiratory diseases and their sputum specimens in infants and young children. Monitoring should be strengthened to help clinical diagnosis of the disease