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同位素现象的发现和位移律的阐明是放射化学在物貭结构理论方面所作出的两项重要贡献,它们充实了周期律的内容,再一次证实了周期律的正确性;它们和放射性衰变理论在一起大大加速了放射化学研究的步伐,预言了一些新放射性物貭的存在,完整地建立起放射性元素的衰变系。这两个对象之间有着密切的联系,它们是在三年左右的时间(1910—1913)内相继确立的。一、同位素概念同位素概念的形成虽然是1910年以后的事,可是问题的提出却比这要早得多。化学工作者都知道不少元素的原子量是接近于氢原子量的整数倍数的。这种
The discovery of isotopic phenomena and the elucidation of displacement laws are two important contributions made by radiochemistry in the structure theory of matter and matter. They enrich the content of the periodic law and once again confirm the correctness of the periodic law; they and the theory of radioactive decay Together, it has greatly accelerated the pace of radiochemical research, predicted the presence of some new radioactive substances, and completely established the decay of radioactive elements. There is a close connection between these two objects, which have been established within three years (1910–1913). First, the concept of isotope concept isotope was formed after 1910, but the problem was proposed much earlier than this. Chemists know that the atomic weight of many elements is close to an integer multiple of the amount of hydrogen atoms. This kind