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一、肾脏的解剖特点与损伤的关系肾脏位于腹膜后脊柱两旁的浅凹中,长约12厘米,宽7厘米,上极相当于第11或12胸椎,下极相当于第2或第3腰椎平面,右肾通常比左肾位置低约1～2厘米。故左肾门约对第1腰椎横突,右侧约与第2腰椎横突相对。肾后面有腰大肌、腰方肌及胸廓下缘保护,第12肋斜跨左肾中部及右肾上部。肾由于有脊柱、肌肉、胸廓的保护,减少了受伤的机会,但当末两肋骨或相邻横突骨折时,也可能由骨折断端刺伤肾脏。右肾前面与肝、十二指肠、结肠肝曲及部分小肠袢接近;左肾前面与脾、胃、胰尾降结肠及部分小肠袢相邻。因而肾脏损伤特别是贯通伤时,
First, the anatomical characteristics of the kidney and the relationship between injury and kidney in the retroperitoneal spine on both sides of the shallow concave, about 12 cm, 7 cm wide, the pole equivalent to the 11th or 12 thoracic vertebrae, lower pole equivalent to the second or third lumbar Plane, the right kidney is usually lower than the left kidney about 1 to 2 cm. Therefore, about the first left renal pelvis on the first lumbar transverse process, the right about the second lumbar transverse process relative. Back of the kidney with psoas muscle, lumbar muscle and the lower edge of the thoracic protection, the first 12 diagonal across the middle of the left kidney and upper right kidney. Kidney due to the spine, muscle, thorax protection, reducing the chance of injury, but when the two ribs or adjacent transverse process fracture, the fracture may also be stabbed kidney fracture. In front of the right kidney and the liver, duodenum, colon, liver song and part of the small intestine close; left kidney in front of the spleen, stomach, pancreatic tail descending colon and part of the intestine adjacent. Therefore, kidney injury, especially through injury,