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本文节选自刘丹青正在编著的《语法调查研究手册》。全书以Comrie&Smith(1977)的《语言描写问卷》(Lingua Descriptive Studies:Questionnaire)(吴可颖初译、刘丹青重译)的内容为纲目,结合众多语言方言的语例和国内外新的研究成果对此详加说明,汇而成书,将由上海教育出版社出版。Comrie等的问卷在总结以往广泛的语言调查研究经验的基础上,提供一份调查描写各种语言方言都能用的语法项目汇总。手册通过说明举例来引介此问卷的语法描写框架,以期将国内的古今汉语及民族语言的语法描写研究与国际上的语法描写进一步沟通。本节选所关注的“焦点”(问卷中当时还叫“强调”)是近一二十年兴起的重要研究领域,与形态、句法、语义、语用、韵律等都有关系,在国内传统的语言方言调查框架中通常无涉,所以本文参考既有成果试提供一份较详尽的解说。
This article is an excerpt from the “Grammar Research Handbook” that is being edited by Liu Danqing. The book takes the content of Commen & Smith’s (1977) Lingua Descriptive Studies: Questionnaire (translated by Wu Keying and Liu Danqing) as the keynote, combining with the examples of many dialects of languages and new research results at home and abroad Plus note, remittance book, will be published by Shanghai Education Publishing House. Based on a summary of previous extensive linguistic research experiences, Comrie’s questionnaire provides a summary of the grammar items available for surveys that describe dialects in all languages. The manual introduces the framework of grammar description of this questionnaire by means of examples, with a view to further communicating the researches on the grammatical description of ancient and modern Chinese and national languages with the international grammar descriptions. The focus of this excerpt is an important area of research that has arisen in the last decade or so, which is closely related to morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and rhythm. It is not usually involved in the traditional framework of linguistic dialect investigation in our country. Therefore, this article gives a more detailed explanation based on the existing achievements.