,A low power V-band LC VCO with high Q varactor technique in 40 nm CMOS process

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Dear editor,Demand for higher data transmission rate,particularly in the modern communication systems,has been increasing over the years.For example,the IEEE standard 802.15.3c specifies more than2 Gbps data transmission rate,which pushes the frequency band up to 60 GHz.In the transceiver,the working frequency of VCO is in 60 GHz,and that has attracted many people to study it[1,2].However,implementing high speed voltagecontrolled oscillator(VCO)through CMOS technology can be extremely challenging because of the Dear editor, Demand for higher data transmission rate, particularly in the modern communication systems, has been increasing over the years. For example, the IEEE standard 802.15.3c. C. More than 2 Gbps data transmission rate, which pushes the frequency band up to 60 GHz . The transceiver, the working frequency of VCO is at 60 GHz, and that has attracted many people to study it [1,2]. Powered, implementing high speed voltagecontrolled oscillator (VCO) through CMOS technology can be extremely challenging because of the
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