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目的通过对不同雌激素水平大鼠进行膀胱功能、组织形态和超微结构的比较,探讨雌激素对膀胱功能的影响及其作用机制。方法30只雌性成年SD大鼠均分为3组:OVX+E组(切除双侧卵巢后补充戊酸雌二醇0·8mg·kg-1·d-1,溶于0·5%羧甲基纤维素钠,每日灌胃1次)、OVX组(切除双侧卵巢)、正常对照组(未切除卵巢),后两组大鼠每日给予0·5%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃1次。3组大鼠用药12周后行膀胱压力容积测定,并用切除膀胱的石蜡切片分析胶原纤维和平滑肌的面密度及两者比值,透射电镜下观察逼尿肌的超微结构。结果(1)OVX组膀胱最大容量(0·32±0·20)ml、顺应性(0·012±0·006)ml/cmH2O(1cmH2O=0·098kPa)和最大收缩力(1·4±0·4)cmH2O,相对于正常对照组[分别为(1·11±0·09)ml、(0·026±0·003)ml/cmH2O和(4·4±0·3)cmH2O]明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·05)。OVX+E组膀胱最大容量为(0·83±0·10)ml,相对于正常对照组减少(P<0·05),而膀胱顺应性(0·029±0·003)ml/cmH2O、最大收缩力(4·8±1·4)cmH2O与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。(2)胶原纤维面密度、胶原纤维面密度/平滑肌面密度比值,OVX组分别为0·218±0·041和0·54±0·08,相对于正常对照组(0·160±0·039、0·32±0·09)明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);而OVX+E组(0·178±0·027、0·38±0·06)与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。(3)电镜观察OVX组逼尿肌超微结构出现退行性改变,其他两组无类似变化。结论大鼠切除双侧卵巢后膀胱功能明显降低,补充雌激素有利于改善膀胱功能,这一作用可能是通过抑制胶原增生,保护细胞器来实现的。
Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen on bladder function and its mechanism by comparing bladder functions, histomorphology and ultrastructure in rats with different estrogen levels. Methods Thirty female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: OVX + E group (ovariectomized with 0 · 8 mg · kg-1 · d-1 estradiol) and dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose The rats in OVX group (ovariectomized ovary) and normal control group (ovariectomized group) were given daily. The rats in the latter two groups were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose Stomach 1 times. Bladder pressure volume was measured after 12 weeks in the three groups, and the densities of collagen fibers and smooth muscle were analyzed by paraffin sections of the excised bladder. The ultrastructure of detrusor muscle was observed under transmission electron microscope. Results The maximum volume of bladder in OVX group was (0.32 ± 0.20) ml, the compliance (0.012 ± 0.06) ml / cmH2O (1cmH2O = 0.098 kPa) and the maximum contractility 0.4) cmH2O, compared to the normal control group (1.11 ± 0.09 ml, (0.026 ± 0.003) ml / cmH2O and (4.4 ± 0.3) cmH2O, respectively] Decrease, the differences were statistically significant (P <0 · 05). The maximal volume of bladder in OVX + E group was (0.83 ± 0.10) ml, which was lower than that in normal control group (P0.05), while the bladder compliance (0.029 ± 0.003) ml / cmH2O, The maximum contractile force (4.8 ± 1.4) cmH2O was not significantly different from that of the normal control group (P> 0.05). (2) Compared with the normal control group (0 · 160 ± 0 · 2), the area density of collagen fibers and the area density of collagen fibers / smooth muscle surface were 0 · 218 ± 0 · 041 and 0 · 54 ± 0 · 0 respectively 039,0 · 32 ± 0 · 09) was significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P <0 · 05); while OVX + E group (0.178 ± 0.027,0.38 ± 0.06) and normal There was no significant difference in the control group (P> 0.05). (3) The ultrastructure of detrusor muscle of OVX group showed degenerative changes by electron microscopy, while the other two groups had no similar changes. Conclusions The bladder function of rats after ovariectomy is obviously decreased. Estrogen supplementation may be helpful to improve bladder function, which may be achieved by inhibiting collagen proliferation and protecting organelles.