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一、美国社会保障体系形成和发展 美国社会保障体系是从1935年通过的《社会保障法》开始的,到现在已近60年。《社会保障法》是30年代西方世界经济大萧条的产物,主要是由政府出面解决当时大量失业和老人生活威胁而引起的社会不稳定问题。主要内容包括:老年保险计划、失业保险计划、盲人救济计划、老年救助计划和未成年人抚养补助计划等。它的范围较窄、规模较小,持续时间约十多年之久。 从50年代开始,美国政府对《社会保障法》进行了多次修正,逐渐扩大了保障范围。尤其是60年代约翰逊政府的“伟大计划”加速了社会保障扩大
I. The Formation and Development of the U.S. Social Security System The U.S. social security system started from the Social Security Law passed in 1935 and has now lasted for almost 60 years. The Social Security Law was a product of the Great Depression in the Western world in the 1930s. It was mainly caused by the government’s efforts to solve the social instability caused by the massive unemployment and threats to the elderly at that time. The main contents include: the elderly insurance plan, the unemployment insurance plan, the blind relief plan, the elderly aid plan and the minor support plan. Its narrower scope, smaller scale, lasts about ten years. Since the 1950s, the U.S. government has amended the Social Security Law several times and gradually expanded the scope of protection. In particular, the “grand plan” of the Johnson administration in the 1960s accelerated the expansion of social security