1917年8月23日,毛泽东写信给黎锦熙说:“愚于近人,独服曾文正。”[1]毛泽东服曾国藩的什么呢?一言之蔽之,服他将古人高扬的“三不朽”集结一身,也就是“内圣”(立德、立言)与“外王”(立功)的完美结合。 1917年,毛泽东对自己的认识是:“对于宇宙,对于人生,对于国家,对于教育,作何主张,均茫然乎未定。”[2]因此,他给自己设计的道路是求学。但后来的发展并不是他所设想的那样:先组织私塾,然后出洋求得“西学大要”[3]。在1917年至1920年间,也就是新文 On August 23, 1917, Mao Zedong wrote to Li Jinxi and said: “What is Mao Tse-tung’s Tseng Kuomintang?” In a word, Three Immortals “, which is the perfect combination of” Inner Saints “(Lide, Lixian) and” Outer Kings “(meritorious deeds). In 1917, Mao Zedong knew of himself as ”uncertainty about the universe, the life, the nation, and the education.“ [2] Therefore, the road he designed for himself was to study. However, the subsequent development was not what he had imagined: to organize a private school first and then go abroad for ”the major of Western learning" [3]. From 1917 to 1920, that is, the new text