间充质干细胞(MSCs)是一类存在于许多成熟骨组织中的原始细胞群,具有自我更新和增殖能力,在适宜的微环境里具有多向分化潜能。鉴于MSCs具有易获得、易培养、低免疫原性、能在宿主体内长期存活、易于外源基因转染和长期表达等优点,已作为理想的种子细胞被广泛应用于组织工程、细胞移植、基因治疗及器官移植等领域。本文对MSCs的基础理论和实验研究进行回顾及综合分析。 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of primitive cells that exist in many mature bone tissues. They have the ability of self-renewal and proliferation, and have the potential to differentiate into appropriate microenvironments. MSCs have been widely used as ideal seed cells in tissue engineering, cell transplantation, gene transfer, gene therapy and so on because of their advantages of easy availability, easy culture, low immunogenicity, long-term survival in the host, easy transfection and long- Treatment and organ transplantation and other fields. In this paper, the basic theory and experimental study of MSCs are reviewed and analyzed.