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目的模拟高原缺氧环境,构建兔牙周炎动物模型,研究其龈下菌斑中的主要牙周致病菌与平原组的差异。方法选取清洁级家兔40只完全随机设计分成4组:平原实验组、平原对照组、高原实验组、高原对照组各10只,实验组采用正畸结扎丝结扎双下颌前牙,并给予高糖饮食;高原组置模拟海拔5 000 m的低压氧舱,每天缺氧23 h,持续饲养8周。8周后提取龈下菌斑基因组DNA,用PCR扩增细菌16S rDNA片段方法检测标本中6种牙周炎致病菌包括牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Dorhyromonas gingivalis,Pg)、福赛斯坦纳菌(Bacterides forsythus,Bf)、伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans,Aa)、中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi)、具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn)和齿垢密螺旋体(Trepone-ma denticola,Td)的检出率。结果与平原实验组相比,高原实验组的牙龈出血指数、菌斑指数和牙周袋深度均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。牙周可疑致病菌Pg、Bf、Aa、Pi、Fn和Td在高原实验组和平原实验组都可检出,其中高原实验组Fn的检出率80%高于平原实验组20%(P<0.05);平原实验组Pi的检出率70%高于高原实验组15%(P<0.05)。结论高原低氧环境是牙周炎加重的主要原因,Fn与高原牙周炎病变程度加重有一定关系。
Objective To establish an animal model of periodontitis in rabbits by simulating the hypoxia environment in the plateau and to study the differences between the main periodontal pathogens and plains group in subgingival plaque. Methods Forty clean-grade rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: plain experimental group, plain control group, plateau experimental group and plateau control group, each group had 10 rats in each group. The experimental group received double mandibular anterior teeth with orthodontic ligature, Sugar diet. The plateau set up a hypoxia chamber at an altitude of 5 000 m with hypoxia 23 h daily for 8 weeks. The genomic DNA of subgingival plaque was extracted after 8 weeks and the pathogenic bacteria of 6 periodontitis including 16 strains of Bacillus forsythus, Bf), Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans (Aa), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Treponema denticola, Td) detection rate. Results Compared with the plain experimental group, the experimental group of gingival bleeding index, plaque index and periodontal pocket depth were significantly different (P <0.05). Pg, Bf, Aa, Pi, Fn and Td, which were suspicious to periodontal pathogens, were all detected in plateau experimental group and plains experimental group. The detection rate of Fn in plateau experimental group was 80% higher than that in plain experimental group (P <0.05). The detection rate of Pi in plain experimental group was 70% higher than that in experimental group of high altitude (P <0.05). Conclusions Plateau hypoxia environment is the main cause of periodontitis aggravating. Fn has a certain relationship with the severity of periodontitis.