效率与公平是人类文明和社会发展所追求的双重目标,然而,这双重目标既是相互对立的,又是彼此统一的。能否处理好二者的关系,直接影响到一个社会的发展与进步。在这个问题上,邓小平同志坚持和发展了毛泽东公平效率观的正确思想,科学分析了我国的国情,提出了具有中国特色的公平效率思想。深入地研究这一思想,无论是对于全面理解邓小平理论,还是指导改革实践,都具有重要意义。 一、邓小平的效率观 研究邓小平的思想,不能撇开毛泽东。在效率问题上,毛泽东提出了很多重要的思想。在微观上,他提出了生产要素的有效使用、提高产品的数量与质量、加快资金周转的生产效率问题;在宏观上,他也 Efficiency and fairness are the dual goals pursued by human civilization and social development. However, these dual goals are both mutually antagonistic and mutually unifying. Whether we can handle the relationship between the two directly affects the development and progress of a society. On this issue, Comrade Deng Xiaoping adhered to and developed Mao Zedong’s correct thinking on the concept of fairness and efficiency, scientifically analyzed China’s national conditions and proposed a fair and efficient thinking with Chinese characteristics. Studying this idea thoroughly is of great significance both for comprehensively understanding Deng Xiaoping Theory and for guiding the reform practice. First, the efficiency of Deng Xiaoping’s view of Deng Xiaoping’s thinking, we can not set aside Mao Zedong. On efficiency, Mao Zedong put forward many important ideas. At the micro level, he proposed the effective use of factors of production, increased the quantity and quality of products and accelerated the production efficiency of capital turnover; at the macro level, he also