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‘小红玫瑰’葡萄是源自于‘小白玫瑰’的突变品种,二者都是优良的酿酒葡萄品种,但其果实颜色变异的分子机理尚不清楚。用12对SSR(Simple sequence repeats)荧光标记特征引物对两品种进行分析,结果表明这些位点在二者之间无差别。对色泽变异决定基因Vvmyb A1的基因型进行分析,‘小白玫瑰’仅检测到含有插入逆转座子Gret1(grapevine retrotransposon 1)的VvmybA1a,说明其为VvmybA1a/VvmybA1a纯合体;而‘小红玫瑰’检测到了Vvmyb A1a和残留Gret1 3′-LTR(long terminal repeat)的VvmybA1b,说明其为VvmybA1a/VvmybA1b的杂合体。花色苷合成相关基因的表达分析表明,VvmybA1、UFGT、F3′5′H、CHS、GST和OMT在‘小红玫瑰’及有色对照品种‘黑比诺’中大量表达,而在‘小白玫瑰’和无色对照品种‘白比诺’中几乎不表达。通过HPLC–ESI–MS/MS对花色苷主要成分进行测定,结果表明矢车菊素3–O–葡萄糖苷(CyG)、矢车菊素3,5–O–双葡萄糖苷(Cy2G)、飞燕草素3–O–葡萄糖苷(DpG)、锦葵色素3–O–葡萄糖苷(MvG)、芍药色素3–O–葡萄糖苷(PnG)和矮牵牛色素3–O–葡萄糖苷(PtG)等6种花色苷在有色品种‘小红玫瑰’和‘黑比诺’果皮中的含量均显著高于无色品种,花葵素3–O–葡萄糖苷(Pg G)、花葵素3,5–O–双葡萄糖苷(Pg2G)在有色/无色品种间无显著差异,且含量很低。说明‘小红玫瑰’的着色是由于转录因子基因Vvmyb A1及其调控结构基因的表达引起的,而无功能的VvmybA1a等位基因突变为有功能的VvmybA1b等位基因是其果皮颜色变异的遗传学原因。
’Little Red Rose’ Grape is a mutant variety derived from ’Little White Rose’, both of which are excellent wine grape varieties, but the molecular mechanism of the fruit color variation is not yet clear. Twelve pairs of SSR (Simple sequence repeats) fluorescent-labeled primers were used to analyze the two cultivars. The results showed that there was no difference between the two loci. The genotypes of Vvmyb A1, a marker of color variation, were analyzed. ’Little White Rose’ only detected VvmybA1a containing the inserted retrotransposon Gret1 (grapevine retrotransposon 1), indicating that it was a homozygous VvmybA1a / VvmybA1a, whereas ’Little Red Rose’ VvmybA1b was detected for Vvmyb A1a and the remaining Gret1 3’-LTR (long terminal repeat), indicating that it is a hybrid of VvmybA1a / VvmybA1b. The expression analysis of anthocyanin-related genes showed that VvmybA1, UFGT, F3’5’H, CHS, GST and OMT were abundantly expressed in ’Little Red Rose’ and ’Colored Pinot Noir’ ’And colorless control species’ Pinot Noir’ almost no expression. The main constituents of anthocyanins were determined by HPLC-ESI-MS / MS. The results showed that cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (CyG), cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (Cy2G) 3-O-glucoside (DpG), 3-O-glucoside (MvG), peony pigment 3-O-glucoside (PnG) and petunia pigment 3-O- glucoside (PtG ) Of 6 kinds of anthocyanins were significantly higher than those of colorless varieties, Pelargonin 3-O-glucoside (Pg G), pelargonidin 3 , 5-O-bis-glucoside (Pg2G) showed no significant difference between the colored / colorless varieties, and the content was very low. The results showed that the color of ’Little Red Rose’ was caused by the expression of Vvmyb A1 and its regulatory structural genes, and the mutation of the non-functional VvmybA1a allele into the functional VvmybA1b allele was the genetic variation of the pericarp color the reason.