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为明确河南省大豆审定品种亲缘关系,借鉴有益于育种效果的经验与技术,分析了河南省1985~2012年审定的74个大豆品种的系谱来源、主要农艺性状和经济性状特点。结果表明,河南省审定的大豆品种可明确113个原始亲本,产量与原始亲本数量成显著正相关。河南省大豆审定品种的主要农艺性状中,生育期稳定在106 d左右,株高因品种而异,变化较大:产量构成因素中,单株荚数总体呈增加趋势,百粒质量则相对变化较小。113份原始亲本中,来自河南省及周边省份的原始亲本占总数的50%以上,备审定品种之间血缘关系过于密切。河南省大豆品种合理的产量构成因素应该是:单株荚数48.6个左右,百粒质量17.55~21.80 g。
In order to clarify the genetic relationship of authentic soybean varieties in Henan Province and learn from the experience and technology beneficial to breeding effect, the pedigree of 74 soybean cultivars approved from 1985 to 2012 in Henan Province were analyzed. The main agronomic traits and economic traits were analyzed. The results showed that 113 original parents could be identified in the soybean varieties validated by Henan Province. The yield was positively correlated with the number of original parents. In the main agronomic traits of soybean certified varieties in Henan Province, the growth period was stable at about 106 days. The plant height varied greatly with different varieties. Among the components of yield, the pods per plant tended to increase and the quality of 100 grains changed relatively Smaller. Of the 113 original parents, the original parents from Henan Province and the surrounding provinces accounted for more than 50% of the total, and the blood relationship between the tested varieties was too close. Henan Province, a reasonable yield components of soybean varieties should be: pods per plant number of about 48.6, one hundred quality 17.55 ~ 21.80 g.