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1993年初,笔者随中国民航局运价考察组对澳大利亚和日本航线运价进行了考察,现将考察到的情况简介如下。一、澳大利亚国内航线运价管理情况澳大利亚的国内航线运价经历了一个由政府管制到非管制的过程。长期以来,国内航线运价由政府管理,运价长期固定不变,基本按成本制定,不考虑供求关系,严格按公式计算。定价公式为:运价=A+BX+CX~2+DX~3。A为起价,X为两城市间的距离,B、C、D是经济学家推算出的固定单位运价。1987年澳大利亚政府发布通知,决定三年后取消政府对国内航线运价的管制,实行非管制政策,同时取消航线经营方面的限制。
In early 1993, the author followed the freight inspection team of CAAC on the freight rates between Australia and Japan. The briefing on the situation is as follows. First, the domestic freight management in Australia Australia’s domestic freight rates have gone through a government-governed to non-regulated process. For a long time, domestic freight rates have been managed by the government. Tariffs have been fixed for a long period of time and have basically been set at cost. They are calculated strictly according to the formula, irrespective of supply and demand. The pricing formula is: Freight = A + BX + CX ~ 2 + DX ~ 3. A is the starting price, X is the distance between two cities, and B, C and D are the fixed unit rates calculated by economists. In 1987, the Australian government issued a circular deciding to cancel the government control over domestic freight rates three years later, introduce a non-regulatory policy and abolish air route restrictions.