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《物理教师》1986年第9期刊登的《罗兰实验演示器》一文,是用以说明运动电荷产生磁场,静止电荷不产生磁场。但在实验中,发现只要圆盘带电小磁针就会因静电感应而受到静电力的作用;圆盘没有转动起来,小磁针就先发生偏转了。我们在小磁针周围加了一个金属网罩来屏蔽电场,以消除电场的影响,如图所示。当接通电动机电源,使静止电荷转动起来之后,就可以观察到小磁针在磁场力的作用下发生偏转,当圆盘停止运动时小磁针又回到原来的位置上,从而说明运动电荷产生磁场,静止电荷不产生磁场。
The article “The Roland Experiment Demonstrator” published in the 9th issue of Physics Teacher, 1986, is used to explain that the motion charge generates a magnetic field, and the static charge does not generate a magnetic field. However, in the experiment, it was found that as long as the disk charged small magnetic needles will be subject to electrostatic force due to electrostatic induction; the disk does not turn up and the small magnetic needles are deflected first. We added a metal mesh cover around the small magnetic needle to shield the electric field to eliminate the influence of the electric field, as shown in the figure. When the motor is turned on to rotate the stationary charge, small magnetic needles can be observed to be deflected by the force of the magnetic field. When the disk stops moving, the small magnetic needle returns to its original position, indicating that the moving charge generates a magnetic field. The static charge does not generate a magnetic field.