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不少语言哲学家希望通过分析说者意义的充分必要条件来获得对于意义、语言与交流的深层理解。其中,格赖斯和斯特劳森确立了意图乃至复杂意图在说者意义中的核心地位。路易斯则认为语言通过约定来获得意义,说者意义本质上表现为一种对他人的期望。托马森指出由于人们具有顺应的能力,因而可以在识别对方会话计划的基础上掌握说者意义。那么,从意图到约定,从约定到顺应,说者意义理论的发展经历了怎样的进程?该进程究竟应当被看作是前进式的还是回归式的?这是本文将要讨论的问题。
Many linguistic philosophers hope to gain a deeper understanding of meaning, language and communication by analyzing the necessary and sufficient conditions of the speaker’s meaning. Among them, Grice and Strawson established the central position of intent and even complicated intention in the speaker’s meaning. Louis believes that language acquires meaning through agreement, and the speaker’s meaning essentially manifests itself as an expectation of others. Tomasson pointed out that because of the adaptive abilities of people, it is possible to grasp the speaker’s meaning on the basis of recognizing each other’s conversational plans. So, from the intent to the agreement, from agreement to compliance, the theory of speaker meaning has gone through the development of what process? The process should be regarded as forward or regression? This is the issue to be discussed in this article.