AIM: To assess Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) seroprevalence in a cohort of Greek patients with lung cancer.METHODS: Seventy-two lung cancer patients (55 males and 17 females, aged 58.2±11.7 years) and 68, age and gender-matched, control subjects were enrolled. All subjects underwent an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgG serologic test for H pylori diagnosis.RESULTS: A correlation between age and H pylori IgG level was detected for both lung cancer patients (r = 0.42,P= 0.004) and controls (r= 0.44, P= 0.004). Seropositivity for H pylori did not differ significantly between patients with lung cancer and controls (61.1% vs 55.9%, P＞0.05).Concing the mean serum concentration of IgG antibodies against H pylori, no significant difference between the two groups was detected (32.6±19.1 vs 27.4±18.3 U/mL,P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: No significant association between H pylori infection and lung cancer was found.