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了解与分析新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州(简称“伊犁州”)抗结核一线和二线药物的耐药状况,为制定合理治疗方案提供依据.笔者对伊犁州4个县(市)2015年门诊收治的355例痰涂片阳性患者以酸性罗氏培养法进行痰培养,以含对硝基苯甲酚和噻吩-2-羧酸肼培养基为鉴定培养基,进行分枝杆菌的菌种初步鉴定.阳性菌株按照比例法进行11种常用一线和二线抗结核药进行药物敏感性试验.结果显示,对一线抗结核药物的总耐药率为35.77％(127/355),对二线抗结核药物的总耐药率为7.89％(28/355);初治患者的耐药率为26.50％(75/283),复治患者的耐药率为72.22％(52/72).伊犁州结核病患者的耐药情况相对严重,应该引起高度重视.“,”To understand and analyze the drug resistance situation of first line and second-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs in Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Yili Prefecture) in order to provide the basis for formulating reasonable treatment plans.The authors had cultured samples from 355 cases of sputum smear-positive patients admitted to the four counties (cities) in Yili Prefecture with acid-modified Roche culture method.PNB and TCH were used as identification medium to carry out the preliminary identification of mycobacteria.The positive strains were screened with 11 commonly used first line and second-line anti-TB drugs for drug susceptibility testing.It showed that the total resistance rate to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was 35.77％ (127/355),the total resistance rate to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was 7.89％ (28/355);the resistance rate among newly diagnosed patients was 26.50％ (75/283),the rate of resistance among the repeatedly treated patients was 72.22％ (52/72).Resistance situation in Yili Prefecture is relatively serious,which deserves great attention.