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牟宗三先生认为文化是一种由人创造的,内在于人的生命和精神活动中的生命人格之精神表现方式。各民族文化既有“义理上的具足”,也有“功能上的缺陷”。中国文化在历史上的“功能的缺陷”主要表现为未能实现科学与民主政治等价值,因而其全幅价值未能完全展现。现代中国文化要展现其全幅价值,就是要发展科学与民主政治方面的价值。在如何使科学与民主政治生根于中国大地方面,牟先生提出了“本内圣开出新外王”和“良知自我坎陷”的理论,其间不乏许多极有价值的论断和观点,但也在某种程度上存在混乱。
Mr. Mou Zongsan believes that culture is a kind of mental expression of life personality created by man and inherent in human life and spiritual activity. Each nationality culture has both “sense of footing” and “functional defects.” The “defects in function” of Chinese culture in the history is mainly manifested as the failure to realize the values of science and democracy, so the full-scale value of Chinese culture can not be fully demonstrated. To show the full value of modern Chinese culture is to develop the value of science and democracy. In his speech, how to root science and democracy in the land of China, Mou proposed the theory that “this is a new king outside the country,” and “self-infiltration of conscience.” In the meantime, there are many valuable theories and opinions. However, To some extent there is confusion.